The Impact Of Science Fiction in Our Life...

The Impact Of Science Fiction Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five brilliantly illustrates how being in combat traumatically affects soldiers in time of war. Indeed, the author uses science fiction and the creative use of time travel as a mold to bring about his true feelings towards war, thus making Slaughterhouse-Five a quintessential anti-war book. Vonnegut’s usage of science fiction creates an outlet to the planet of Tralfamadore where Billy is able to escape his mental damage from war. The author, Kurt Vonnegut, saw much battle in his days of combat. He begins, not as Billy Pilgrim, but as Kurt Vonnegut, explaining his personal war experiences. He writes in first person to give the reader a primary source of what it was like to be†¦show more content†¦The famous line, â€Å"Billy Pilgrim has come unstuck in time† (Vonnegut 23), explains how Billy is not stuck in the same day as the rest of the world, rather he was traveling back in time to the war. Escaping into the science fiction world was the best way for Vonnegut to express himself. This brought joy to Kurt Vonnegut as he realized he was able to get his story of war at Dresden out. It is explained that, â€Å"he can talk about why he was writing this book and the difficulties involved† (MacFarlane), it was the only way to get his feelings down on paper without reliving his horrific memories. He used this creative writing style to leave, â€Å"the delusion or escape fantasy of a cha racter who is unable to live with the reality...(Bà ©nyei). Therefore, Vonnegut geniusly created the alter ego of Billy Pilgrim, and the fictional planet of Tralfamadore. Due to the fact that Billy Pilgrim is essentially Kurt Vonnegut, it is indicated that Billy faces much depression and misery. Since depression and misery are very pessimistic traits, Billy goes into the fantasy world. He escapes to the planet of Tralfamadore. After the war â€Å"when he was abducted by the Tralfamadorians...† (Vonnegut 75) Billy became unchained, escaping from the generic world around him. At that point in time Billy starts to see life in a very offbeat way. Instead of having recurring thoughts of war, â€Å"Billy finds meaning and importance in some aspects of life†Show MoreRelatedEssay on Coping Mechanisms in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five1679 Words   |  7 Pagesmourn, some speak up, and some avoid the sorrow. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut suggests the danger and inhumanity of turning away from the discomfort by introducing Billy Pilgrim as someone who is badly affected by the aftermath of the Dresden bombing, and the Tral famadorians as the aliens who provide an easy solution to Billy. It is simpler to avoid something as tragic as death, but Vonnegut stresses the importance of confronting it. Vonnegut, like many artists, expresses his ideas through hisRead MoreVonnegut : An Outlook On Fate1477 Words   |  6 PagesCarroll English IV AP 10/26/15 Vonnegut: An Outlook on Fate In Kurt Vonnegut’s classic fiction novel, Slaughterhouse Five, we experience the horrors of war through the eyes of fictional character Billy Pilgrim, and their effect on him. Pilgrim, who was a POW in Dresden during the firebombing, is obviously impacted by the war, like many others who experience combat. By channelling his own experiences into Billy Pilgrim, Vonnegut explores his belief in the inevitability of our fate, and the effects of warRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five By Kurt Vonnegut871 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut is an American classic that centers on the life of Billy Pilgrim. There are three key phases in Billy’s life that Vonnegut focuses on: before World War II, during World War II, and after World War II. The main reason for Vonnegut to write this novel is not to show how war is evil, but to show how war influences the lives of the soldiers who have engaged in battle. In this essay, it will show how Kurt Vonnegut u ses the life of Billy to represent theRead MoreWar Destruction on Combatents in Kurt Vonnegut ´s Slaughterhouse- Five1776 Words   |  7 Pagescan follow intense fighting. Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five explores the harmful effects of isolation, imprisonment, and oppression through a soldier’s perspective. Sections of Vonnegut’s novel take place during World War II: the bloodiest war ever fought. The story follows Billy Pilgrim, a young man who is forced to fight overseas despite the rough conditions he will face. Billy joins his regiment as â€Å"it [is] in the process of being destroyed by Germans† (Vonnegut 40), and Vonnegut’s description

Syrian Civil War The Arab Springs - 1286 Words

Comparable to past catastrophic events throughout world history, Syria’s civil war began as a chain of significant circumstances which lead to eventual turmoil. Although the Arab Springs, a series of uprisings against dictators in northern Africa and southwest Asia, was the primary basis for the Syrian civil war, climate change induced drought was undoubtedly the inception that provoked the Arab Spring in Syria. Water is essential to human life aiding in agriculture production and livestock care as well as basic human nourishment. Without this life supporting element, rural people flooded to the cities in droves seeking their basic human needs. Along with millions of rural Syrians, Iraq refugees were also flocking to the Syrian cities for comfort and aid. With overcrowded cities, minimal resources, few jobs, and an oppressive government, Syria was doomed for rebellion and civil war, especially considering rebellions in neighboring countries was so successful. Peaceful protests for basic human needs and equal rights were met with aggressive opposition by government militants, which fueled more protests and more deaths. Ultimately, the record drought of 2006-2011 eventually caused the Arab Spring which lead to the Syrian civil war. The Land of Syria Snug within the Fertile Crescent, Syria lies in the Middle East region within the southwest Asian realm and is encircled by Turkey to the north, Iraq to the southeast, and Jordan on the southern border, while Lebanon and theShow MoreRelatedThe Syrian Civil War Was Influenced By The Arab Spring2795 Words   |  12 PagesThe Syrian Civil war is now entering its third dreadful year as the death toll continues to rise and is now over 200,000. The Civil War was influenced by the Arab Spring which was a wave of revolutionary ideals and movements that swept through the Middle East. Therefore, when the Syrian Government arrested and tortured a group of teenagers who painted revolutionary slogans on a school wall, the people erupted. The Syrian people were fed up with the prolonged suppression by the Syrian governmentRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War : An International Conflict Between Usa And Its Allied Groups1526 Words   |  7 PagesThe Syrian Civil War has become now an international conf lict between USA and its allied groups and Russia and its allied groups. USA and its allied groups support free Syrian army who are fighting against Syrian Government Bashar Al Asad. On the other hand. Russia support Syrian Government Bashar Al Asad. The two super power(USA and Russia) are engaging Syria war for their own benefit. Russia supports Syrian Government for remaining historical relation between Russia and Syria. By remaining goodRead MoreA Brief Note On The Syrian Civil War1708 Words   |  7 PagesWar is a terrible situation to be caught up in the middle of, especially if it is a civil war. A civil war is when people of the same country fight one another because of differing political opinions. Death prevails, citizens escape the country as refugees, and hopelessness lurks in the air during war, since victims amidst it are afraid that it will never end. A scenario similar to this is occurring in Syria, which started out as a revolution part of the Arab Spring in 2011, a nd it is now an ongoingRead MoreA Brief Note On The And Foreign Involvement908 Words   |  4 PagesISIS and Foreign Involvement In Syria civil war has been raging since March 2011. The conflict an attempt to overthrow the second Assad regime, led by Bashar al Assad, and multiple rebel groups, including the Free Syrian Army (FSA), the Islamic Front, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria(ISIS), and Jabhat al-Nusra (the Syrian branch of al-Qaeda). Like his father, who held power before him, Bashar al Assad has been a corrupt tyrant who rigged elections and eliminated personal freedoms. TwoRead MoreThe Core Sparks Of The Syrian Civil War1423 Words   |  6 Pagesof the core sparks of the Syrian civil war and will attempt to connect them to comparative politics. This paper will first discuss a brief relevant history on Syria which is important to the structure of the subsequent arguments, and by looking at the structure of the government and argument will be made about the nature of authoritarian regimes in sustaining social capital in developing countries. Also, this argument will lead to an examination of the suppression of civil society in Syria which contributedRead MoreAn Analysis of the Current Conflict in Syria1253 Words   |  5 Pagesparty that controlled of Syria in 1963 (Diamond Plattner, 2012) . The party has been in control of the country ever since, but the Arab uprising that began in 2011 appears to have cast doubt on the continuity of the Baath government. The civil war in Syria developed from the trendy uprising against President Bashar al-Assad regime in early 2011 during the Arab Spring uprisings that affected the Middle East. The cruel reaction of the forces of security against peaceful protests, aimed at fightingRead MoreThe Arab Spring : A New Movement1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe Arab Spring is the name given to the wave of movement of anti-government protests within the Middle East and Northern Africa. The message of the Arab Spring is by no means an old one: there has been a significant amount of protest and movements prior to the modern 2010 one. The modern Arab Spring sparked in December 2010 when a local Tunisian vendor lit himself on fire in protest of the bribes demanded by the corrupt police. This action sparked similar movements in surrounding countries. ProtestorsRead MoreSyria And The Egyptian Empire1364 Words   |  6 Pageslongest settled city in the world and has been engaged in a bloody civil war that threatens not only Syria but also all of its neighboring countries. Damascus, Syria’s capital city has been a permanent settlement from as early as 9000 B.C. For thousands of years Syria has been a battleground for many wars from the Syrian wars which were a series of six wars between what is now Syria and the Egyptian Empire, to the current Civil War between the Basar Al-Assad regime and many rebel brigades. In theRead MoreWhat Is Syria Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesmultigenerational regime that keeps order with an iron fist. And currently, Syria is a land filled to the brim with warring ethnic and political groups that have shown to be susceptible to the whims of its’ bickering neighbors and is engulfed in a brutal civil war that has claimed close to a half a million lives. Syria began its existence under French rule. It wasn’t until 1946, when they were granted full independence by the French government, that they began to develop an internal governing structure.Read MoreU.s. And Syrian Refugees938 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. and Syrian Refugees December 10, 2010 witnessed the inception of the Arab Spring, a revolutionary wave of both violent and nonviolent protests and demonstrations in the Arab world that began in Tunisia. While the wave of initial revolutions and protests quelled by mid-2012, other large-scale conflicts in the Middle East intensified, such as the Yemeni and Libyan crises. In Syria, the unrest of the Arab Spring escalated to armed conflict after President Bashar al-Assad’s regime violently

Wal-Mart Ethics Case Free Essays

Wal-Mart is the largest grocery chain in the world, second largest company on Fortune’s 500 2012 list, and the largest employer in North America. Wal-Mart is faced with many dilemmas and issues that can be expected of such a large and imposing organization. These problems include environmental issues, employee’s issues, leadership issues, supplier issues and creating an uncompetitive market. We will write a custom essay sample on Wal-Mart Ethics Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is not an exhaustive list, and Wal-Mart has other dilemmas as well, but this paper will concentrate on the issues involving Wal-Mart interaction with employees and the problems Wal-Mart faces with them. Wal-Mart employees’ relations have been a dilemma for various reasons. One reason is that Wal-Mart has been criticized for not paying a decent wage or providing enough benefits. Another issue that Wal-Mart has with employee relations is Wal-Mart’s stance as not allowing any unions in Wal-Mart stores. Wal-Mart has also faced problems with discrimination and the allowed hiring of illegal immigrants. All of these are a dilemma for Wal-Mart because it is such a large employer and is well respected by other employers. This puts Wal-Mart in a corporate leadership position and the way in which Wal-Mart handles situations with employees is viewed by other corporations as potential solutions to their employee problems. This is also dilemma for Wal-Mart because it is such a large employer and its decisions affect a great number of people. Wal-Mart employs over 1. 4 million people in the United States alone, encompassing 1% of the U. S. work force. At the same time Wal-Mart wants to remain the low-cost leader in the grocery and box stores market. The conflicting forces that Wal-Mart must try to balance are maintaining their leadership aspect while maintaining healthy relationships with employees and customers. There are many stakeholders involved in this dilemma. These stakeholders include Wal-Mart’s employees, Wal-Mart customers, Wal-Mart’s competitors, and the unions. All of these stakeholders have the ability to influence decision concerning employee welfare, within the organization, as well as being influenced by those decisions. The first stakeholder mentioned is the employees for Wal-Mart. Employees are considered supportive stakeholder for the most part, although they can also be considered mixed. This stakeholder is important because Wal-Mart employees so many people, but it is also important because Wal-Mart wishes to stay competitive in the market place. One way to stay competitive is by recruiting good and hardworking employees who are invested and engaged in their work. Otherwise the employee retention will be low, and the work performed will be substandard. This stakeholder is important also because Wal-Mart’s reputation and commitment to low prices. One way to maintain low prices is by maintaining costs that permit these low prices. One way to keep costs down is to keep wages down and provide lower costing benefits. At the same time, one significant way to retain employees and ensure they are invested in their work environment is by paying them fair wages and providing essential benefits. Wal-Mart employees are also an important stakeholder because Wal-Mart has developed a reputation as being discriminatory in their hiring practices and use of illegal workers. This is important for Wal-Mart, because once again a negative reputation can make it hard to recruit and retain workers. It is also important because a negative reputation can spur litigation and lawsuits that can be initially somewhat costly and end up becoming a burdensome expense, as out of court settlements tend to large. These legal proceedings also garner new headlines and the negative publicity can negatively affect sales, and recruiting efforts. The publication of these problems can also embolden the unions who want to break into and unionize Wal-Mart’s employees. The problem with illegal aliens being used in the work force is a dilemma not only because Wal-Mart can face the cost of fines for breaking the law, but also because Wal-Mart already has a reputation as being bad for the American worker. It has been shown that Wal-Mart is the reason that some companies that supply Wal-Mart with goods, have moved their manufacturing overseas to keep labor and production costs down, and to be better able to maintain their supplier relationship with Wal-Mart. This has caused the loss of jobs in the United States, with the perception that Wal-Mart has no concern about the American worker. Wal-Mart using illegal workers could be perceive as Wal-Mart being only concerned about saving money, and once again denying American workers from jobs. This is also looked on negatively in the current political environment where illegal workers are such a hot topic and unemployment is high. Another stakeholder in these situations is the Wal-Mart customer. The Wal-Mart customer is considered supportive, and Wal-Mart tries to keep it this way. The customer is an important stakeholder because essentially they are the reason that Wal-Mart exists. Wal-Mart basically provides the facility of easing customer access to goods and services. Customers have a choice in this very competitive market environment and can find the same goods and services elsewhere, as Wal-Mart offers few exclusives on either of these. Wal-Mart does provide a presumed lower cost marketplace, and will match cost of competitors which is viewed as desirable traits from consumers. Still consumers will not continue to patronize organizations they feel are mistreating their employees and are using discriminatory practices in hiring and advancement. Wal-Mart has to maintain a reputation as being a good employer that has genuine concern about it employees and that is also dedicated in being fair in its labor practices. Otherwise customers will go elsewhere for their goods and services, even if they pay a little more. Consumers will no longer support companies that they feel are lacking in proper ethics, because the consumer feels that it will only be a matter of time before the company manages to treat them unfairly. Current consumers are especially proficient at the decision between saving money with one company, and supporting a more sustainable company even if it means spending more. This proficiency comes from facing this decision on a daily basis, and the ease of accessing information. So far, even with some well publicized discriminatory cases, Wal-Mart has been able to retain a strong customer base. Consumers will tend to give companies some benefit of a doubt, especially when it comes to saving money, but this cannot be viewed as a reason to willfully negligent in employee hiring practices. After all, a consumer boycott is only one corporate scandal away. Therefore, the customers can be considered the most important stakeholder, because without them Wal-Mart would cease operations. Another stakeholder involved in this case are Wal-Mart’s competitors, like Target, Kmart, Home Depot, etc. , who look at Wal-Mart as a leader in their market. Wal-Mart competitors are neutral because they are more concerned with their own operations than with Wal-Mart’s operations. The decisions that Wal-Mart makes concerning their employees are seen as opportunities to exploit or as problems. These decisions could be opportunities because decisions made in a positive light could be reviewed and possibly adopted by the competition. Whereas decisions made that reflect Wal-Mart negatively can be criticized by the competition and as a recruiting tool. Wal-Mart decisions with employees can also be problematic to competition because their decisions can force unwanted changes into the competitor’s organization. For example, if Wal-Mart changed ts viewpoint about unions it could have great impact throughout the box chain world giving unions leverage to be able to break into other store brands. The final stakeholders in Wal-Mart’s employee welfare situation are unions. Unions are considered an unsupportive stakeholder. The unions have a stake in this situation because their existence is based on membership, their fees, and continued support. Wal-Mart is v ery opposed to ever accepting a union in their work environment. Wal-Mart feels that it treats it employees fairly enough and a union would only complicate things. Unions see Wal-Mart as the great mountain to climb, and getting Wal-Mart workers to unionize would give the unions a large base of employees to their membership ranks, and leverage through the retail industry. Unionizing Wal-Mart would not necessary be all positive, as the unions would now be presented with a relationship with large market and an adversarial attitude towards them. The relationship between these stakeholders can be contentious. Consumers want to support organizations that treat workers fairly, but public support for unions is rather low (2010 Pew Poll places it at 41%). Wal-Mart also does not view unions favorably. The relationship between Wal-Mart and employees can be difficult at times also, but the relationship is mostly mutually beneficial for the majority of employees. The stakeholder with the most power is the customers because they still hold purchasing power over Wal-Mart. Customers could easily find other places to go to and buy goods, and therefore customers hold the most leverage over Wal-Mart. The stakeholder with the most to win would be the unions, because breaking the Wal-Mart wall would greatly heighten the power of the unions. The stakeholders with the greatest potential to lose are the employees because at this time and point Wal-Mart has the leverage of possible employment during such tough economic times. Employees may actually lose out on potential wage and benefit gains because of the economic downturn, and Wal-Mart has jobs and is one of the few companies with expansion plans in these times. To improve the situation with the employees and the public perception of Wal-Mart, the organization could attempt two corrective measures. The first proposal would be for Wal-Mart to start an employee appreciation and welfare camps in their stores. This would be through employee only contests or having a shopping day where employees get extra markdowns. This would make Wal-Mart a more popular place to work at, and could be considered a cheaper alternative to raising wages and improved benefits. Some employees might see these as cheap ploys to improve employee morale, but it could be quite popular. Another corrective measure would be a public relations campaign in which Wal-Mart explains to the public the benefits of working at Wal-Mart. This P. R. campaign would show Wal-Mart as an employer of choice, that people enjoy working for the company, and that Wal-Mart is a great place to work at. This campaign could help sway the public in favor of Wal-Mart and also convey the message that Wal-Mart doesn’t need unions and employee unrest is unfounded. The campaign could also show employees of differing backgrounds, gender, ages, ethnicities, capabilities and colors, thus displaying that Wal-Mart employs all types of people. My recommendation would be to go with the public relations campaign. This could prove to be the most beneficial, because the customers are the most important stakeholders in this situation. Also good public relations could help the bottom line of the company, but also make employees feel good about working there. It would keep the union at bay, and keep competitors on their toes because they would now have to compete with a Wal-Mart that people actually liked. Bibliography Blodget, Henry. â€Å"Wal-Mart Employs 1% of America. Should it be Forced to Pay it Employees More. † BusinessInsider. om. Business Insider, Inc. 10 Sep 2010. Web. Accessed 24 Nov 2012. http://articles. businessinsider. com/2010-09-20/news/30081785_1_minimum-wage-real-wages-employees Ferrell, O. C. et al. â€Å"Wal-Mart: The Future of Sustainability. † Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Carnegie Learning. South-Western:Mason, OH. 9th ed. 2011. Surowicki, James. â€Å"State of the Unions. † New Yorker. Conde Nast. 17 Jan 2011. Web. Acessed 26 Nov 2012. http://www. newyorker. com/talk/financial/2011/01/17/110117ta_talk_surowiecki How to cite Wal-Mart Ethics Case, Essay examples

Employee Selection and Training free essay sample

Industrial and Organizational psychologist are able to walk into most any corporation and identify problem areas. The specialty skills that the industrial and organizational psychologist possesses are able to better equip the corporations to reduce employee turnover and improve the workplace. Having the ability to survey the employees and find weak spots allows the industrial and organizational psychologist to determine the best measures to improve the company from the inside out. Using surveys on current and potential employees as well as assessments can cause the company to find weak employees and strong leaders that might have been previously overlooked. Industrial and organizational psychologist can improve the potential employee selection process, train employees properly all while abiding by the law. Selecting and training employees The role of industrial and organizational psychology is one of the most important areas in the field of psychology and it entails research and analysis in the areas of hiring employees. I/O’s duties can range from conducting evaluations, analysis, and training, hiring, and consulting. Three examples of how industrial and organizational psychologists are an asset to a company are seen in positions like consultants, human resources specialist, and employee assessors and evaluators (Cascio, 1995). All these examples have one thing in common: they all work closely on selecting and training employees, and ensuring the best match for the position needed. Consulting IO’s, are hired by management to offer the best plan for success. These consultants are hired to design the best strategies for the business to work as a whole. Consultants offer strategic planning to achieve companies’ goals as well as employee’s goals. Through performance, selection, and intervention, they consult to the employer of what changes need to be done (Cascio, 1995). Their job is designed to offer the best possible advice to both parties with the goal of having a full functioning and effective business. They provide the best guidance and direction on how to work in an efficient and positive atmosphere. The next example would be human resources specialist, which would be running all aspects of the hiring process. This would include advertising, application process, interviewing, and training. They would assist management in taking care of all the angles needed to find personnel. They would normally advise management on which candidates they should consider interviewing. Human resources specialists would take care of checking references, background, education, and all aspects of the application process. They would take care of the training sessions through meetings, orientations, and any other process of that nature (Cascio, 1995). The next example: assessors and evaluators would be what would follow the human resources process. These evaluators would review all the information collected by human resources specialist, and all the candidates that have been selected, would be scheduled for a more in depth interview. These evaluators would conduct surveys, skills tests, personality tests, questionnaires, and many more evaluation methods. Their job is to screen the applicants that have been selected to see if they are indeed a perfect match for the job. Evaluators and assessor use scientific selection methods when conducting job analysis. Through statistical and correlation data, they evaluate all intellectual, psychological, physical and emotional aspects of the candidate before the hiring process is done (Cascio, 1995). Legal Issues An organization must have a training program to establish a standard operation uideline that must be followed. During this training the organization must ensure the material and presentation is not legally or ethically controversial in any manner. The training provided must be unbiased and sensitive to race, age, national origin, sex and religion. If an individual feel any sort of discrimination during training, the organization can be subject to legal action. The tr aining provided must not display negative attention or single out any specific group, this may provide circumstantial evidence for that group of people to pursue legal action for discrimination in the workplace. Another issue in training could consist of ethical issues; the trainer must conduct themselves with respect, tact, honesty, trust and leadership. The organizational values, ethical guidelines, policies, procedures and accountability should be addressed. By planning ahead, industrial and organizational psychologist can work with trainers to address the ethical issues within the training period. The health and welfare of the employees are important; injury to an employee during training can lead to lawsuit and worker’s disability compensation. The ailure of an organization to abide by laws that protect employees can lead to court and be liable to pay the employee up to $300,000. Evaluation of study â€Å"There is little difference between conducting an evaluation of study for a training program and conducting a research study to determine the effects of any intervention that is tried in an organization† (Specter, 2008). The training program is not considered completed unt il it has been evaluated. There are five stages in performing a training evaluation. The first step is to define the criteria for evaluation. There are several criteria to determine. One of the criteria is the training- level criteria and the other is the performance- level criteria. The training level is directed to what was learned and the performance level is directed with the levels of effectiveness. It is also possible to brake down criteria into four groups. The four smaller levels include reactions, behaviors, learning, and results and are sub levels to performance and training levels. Second a design of the study must be selected. The structure of the study is determined by how the data is collected. Third the measures used to assess need to be determines. Fourth the data needs to be collected. The third and fourth steps are two steps preformed at the same time. Collecting data can be without bias can be a difficult task and following the measuring criteria is vital for accurate results. The final step is analyzing the collected data to determine a conclusion. The conclusion will tell the effectiveness of the training program. An evaluation carried out properly will generate valuable information on the training program’s effectiveness. Conclusion When selecting and training employees there are various forms that can improve performance such as; training assessments, employee evaluations, and consulting. Once a foundation was completed more in depth surveys, personality interviews, questionnaires, skills tests would ensure that the job is filled with the most suitable person to perform the job. Industrial and organizational psychologist can assist the corporation to stay within the law while completing training which keeps both the employee and employer safe from bias, sexism, discrimination, and racism. Evaluating a training program can provide tremendous benefits when the data is properly analyzed. Industrial and organizational psychology will provide multiple benefits to a corporation on many levels from potential employees, training, internal employee promotion selection, and determining employee terminations. Reference: Cascio, W. F. (1995). Whither Industrial and Organizational Psychology in a Changing World Of Work? American Psychologist, 50(11), 928 Spector, P. E. (2008). Industrial and organizational psychology: Research and practice (5th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc.. (2011). Student Resources. Retrieved from http://www. siop. org/studentdefault. aspx

President Obamas famous sec... free essay sample

President Obamas famous second inaugural speech delivered on the day of inauguration was given as a thanking speech combined by a declaration of needs to urge Americans to reclaim from conservatives the spirit of the founding fathers for equality among all. Americas first African American President who believed in democracy and believed in peace, justice, and most importantly equality. The speech shared much emotion, logic, and credibility by the leader of our country along with other rhetorical devices to enhance his speech. President Obama, in a close comparison on the day of his delivered speech, ties it to the speech spoken by Marin Luther Kings I Have A Dream alludes to establishing more ethos by reminding us (whom he is addressing) that equality is still of great importance to this very day as it was at the time it was written. Both in the importance of unity and structure of language, the president brings us to the past, telling us that freedom had a long line of being taken rather than given. We will write a custom essay sample on President Obamas famous sec or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He uses logos to reinforce this idea by referring back to the American Revolution, which is reminding us, in a periodic sentence, that the patriots didnt fight for revenge, but for freedom. Freedom that we would keep safe passing it on to every single generation with it. Just as Martin Luther King had long before in his speech, President Obama springs us back into the present. He lists off our countrys accomplishments, starting each achievement of society by together or we to express that it was a collective effort of many, giving the audience (everyone) a sense of pride and acknowledgement of the greatness and achievements that can come out of unity. President Obama begins next by starting his next paragraph with a rebuttal by beginning with But, bringing out a noticeable change of tone. Using deductive reasoning Obama more simply than previously words it out that the Nation cannot work under one individual, but work as a single unit as American people can no more meet the demands of todays world and No single person can train (what we need), Now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation and one people. At this point, it creates a huge sense of unity and direction towards equality and togetherness. President Obama juxtaposes the ending of economic recovery which solidifies hope and of use parallelism we are made for this moment and we will seize it so long as we seize it together. He rallies again, a parallelism which is used frequently throughout the rest of the speech, we, the people, to drive further in establishing togetherness but also builds his presidential ethos, which is important to our freedom and our rights, while still a part of our nations unit as a whole. As he implements this form of credibility into the rest of his speech, the president lists the current issues facing our society today, and how we, as one unit, can tackle the issues, pursuing to solve them. He alludes to many events that have taken place in the past year at the time such as the hurricanes that swept away a home, and gun violence in relation to child safety. These real issues help draw the listene r back into the reality from the vision of just equality. Finally, President Obama calls for action by reminding us, through anaphora, that our journey is not complete until we are all equal and more open to opportunity, also Obama tells us that it is our task, alluding to the Declaration of Independence, to make these words, rights, these values of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness real for every American is a task that we all as Americans will face together as one to achieve for all. Concluding his speech, the president reminds us that we, himself included with the audience are the hope, and the change that is needed to be in action. Obama signs off his address thanking God and proclaiming that may He forever bless these United States of America. For the final push of ethos gathering all emotions at the end to conclude the speech.

Early and Middle Adulthood Essays

Early and Middle Adulthood Essays Early and Middle Adulthood Paper Early and Middle Adulthood Paper Early and Middle Adulthood Crystal Hicks October 6, 2011 Marcy Caldwell PSY/280 University of Phoenix Adulthood does not have any sign to declare its presence (as adolescence is declared by puberty). In technologically innovative countries, the life span is greater than age 70. In early adulthood, most individuals are interested in processing the knowledge that it takes to become intimate, these individuals are wanting to form relationships and find the intimate love connection that they are seeking. Some long-term relationships could be being developed during this time, which most likely result in marriage and children. The emerging adult is now also faced with some career decisions. Choices that concern family and marriage are sometimes during early and middle adulthood. Research shows that divorce is more common among individuals who marry during adolescence, or for people who have parents that are divorced, and for those who differ in age, attractiveness, personality, people that get divorced eventually remarry; so some children may be exposed to having two sets of families. There is also another alternative to getting married; it is called â€Å"cohabitation (Berger, 2010). † All this means is an unwed couple that lives and shares space together. The choices that people make concerning their work or career affects every aspect in their lives. It affects friends, job stress, child care, residence location, political values, and many other aspects in one’s life. Income, career longevity, achievement, recognition, satisfaction, security, and challenge are all important factors when looking or finding a job or career. During middle adulthood, one of the most important challenges is to gain a genuine interest for the welfare of the generations to come. During this stage of life they also develop a need to give back to the world by working and being involved with their families. According to Robert Havighurst, â€Å"there are seven major tasks that happen throughout the middle years. † One must adjust and accept the physiological changes, such as menopause and andropause. One’s satisfaction in reaching and maintaining their occupation. One must adjust to or possibly care for their aging parents. They are helping the teenagers in their lives become responsible adults and citizens. By this time one should have already achieved their civic and social responsibilities. At this time they should consider their spouse as being an individual. Lastly, they should be finding some type of leisure activities (anonymous, 2011). Some individuals may go through a â€Å"midlife crisis† during these stages of life. A midlife crisis could cause one to do excessive spending, gaining weight, or getting depressed. People of this age are realizing that their lives are half over. They are wanting to do the things that they did not do in the earlier years. Or it may be just the opposite; they may be wanting to isolate themselves. When one goes through these stages of life, they have found themselves and are focusing on planning for the later years of their lives. Motivation and determination will play a critical and crucial part in these stages of adulthood. Eventually, they are going to want to retire and just be able to enjoy their lives. Whatever the case may be, we all have to face the fact that we cannot stay young forever. References CliffsNotes. com. Development in Early Middle Adulthood. 6 Oct 2011 cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/topicArticleId-25438,articleId-25385. html. EBOOK COLLECTION: Berger, K. S. (2010). Invitation to the Life Span. New York: Worth Publishers.

BHS 420 Mod 1 SLP (Quantitative Reasoning) Essay

BHS 420 Mod 1 SLP (Quantitative Reasoning) - Essay Example mental health, with one author asserting that a â€Å"remarkable transformation has been witnessed in public mental health services over the past thirty years" (Vega & Murphy, 1990, p. 1). I picked the topics listed above because they are four areas of significant research in the scientific community, and I am confident that I will be able to locate a large amount of books, articles, and clinical studies so as to find enough that will provide both strong and weak examples of good research methods and quantitative reasoning. For example, in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, it was found that â€Å"Iraqi Gulf War (GW) veteran refugees or those who fled the Hussein regime and were subsequently granted refugee stated by the United States are at high risk for the same mental health maladies that afflict U.S. GW veterans (Jamil, Nassar-Mcmillan & Lambert, 2004, p. 295). I find it interesting that both the combat veterans and the refugees from the regime find themselves in the same position. The intricacies of the human brain, and all of the scientific studies performed so far, indicate that there is still much to learn in this area of study. The same is true for the other topics noted above. Given my interest in the human mind and the ongoing research in mental health studies, I believe one of these topics will be both interesting and informative. I look forward to the opportunity to do further research. Jamil, H., Nassar-McMillan, S.C. (2004). The Aftermath of the gulf War: Mental Health Issues among Iraqi gulf War Veteran Refugees in the United States. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 26, (4),

Budget Transmittal Letter FY 2013 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Budget Transmittal Letter FY 2013 - Assignment Example The financial constraints over the past five years have allowed us to be more disciplined while still exercising some level of prudence. This is so as we ensure that we do what we have agreed to get done in the interest of serving the community. The Proposed Budget for Fiscal Year 2013 which is hereby transmitted takes into consideration the fundamental needs and the priorities that will help to improve or maintain the quality of life of the people in the community. The strategies that have been employed in preparing the Fiscal Year 2013 Proposed Budget has taken the approach of reducing departmental expenditures, government reform and new sources of generating revenue to boost shortfall. Each department will receive an amount that is proportional to the expenses that are expected to be incurred. We continue our quest and commitment to sustainability and this has been demonstrated in the time that has been spent examining and assessing priorities relating to the costs and services th at can be reduced. A high level of fiscal discipline on the part of stakeholders is still encouraged as in previous years. The approach that was taken in preparing the Proposed Budget for Fiscal Year 2013 is as follows: i. ... After all the above were accomplished, had the task of recommending the reductions that would facilitate the balancing of the budget in order to ensure its consistency with the overall goals of the City Council. There are still challenges even though we are recovering from the recession. In the previous Fiscal Year we identified structural deficits relating to that period, the current period and Fiscal Year 2014. Structural deficits have now been identified for Fiscal Year 2013 to the tune of $16.4 million. Departments are still encouraged to review their operations to determine where possible any additional cost reductions that might be possible. In taking a strategic approach which we established starting with the Fiscal Year 2012, we have been looking at the solutions that may be possible for the next three to five years. The operating budget is expected to be around $700 million and from this over $20 million is expected to be cut in order for the district to remain fiscally stab le (Puente 2012). See Appendix 1 and 2 for some of the reductions that have been proposed. The increased cost of employee retirements continues to represent a major part of the deficit and uncertainties still abound in respect of the California Public Employees Retirement System (PERS). The investments are not likely to recover what was expected in the initial period and so pension reforms are likely to continue until a surplus is generated. The returns on pension investments are expected to be about 7.75% and will not be able to cover the costs of pensions fully. There are continuing efforts to get employees to contribute more to their pension costs. There are some groups that have decided to increase their contributions. These include employees in the police department

Concepts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Concepts - Research Paper Example Non- verbal communication is beneficial in international business settings. It makes communication brief and effective. Finally, it exemplifies the level of professionalism thereby increasing the level of confidence. On the downside it cannot be used as a public instrument for communication, prevents detailed conversation and not as of much influence as verbal communication. Persuasive communication is more personal, more detailed and effective in sharing information (Fontane et al., 2013). Conversely, it is time consuming, involves emotion which is inappropriate for business and requires a high level of negotiation skills. Collaboration improves the receipt of feedback in an organization and ensures participatory decision making. In opposition, collaborative communication delays the decision making in the organization and is ineffective where a huge number of employees are involved. Non- verbal communication is used in international communication and in business talks with potential clients to increase business opportunities by showing confidence and professionalism (Guffey, 2012). Persuasion communication is used in convincing customers and potential clients to undertake a certain business deal. In summary, collaboration is used in day to day operation of the business in decision making. Fontaine, M., Parise, S., & Miller, D. (2013, June 13). Collaborative environments: A dynamic tool for transforming business processes. Retrieved from

Physical Exertion Affect Bone Growth Health And Social Care Essay

Physical Exertion Affect Bone Growth Health And Social Care Essay Compact bone is hard due to mineral deposits of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate (calcium and phosphorus). This bone consists of tightly packed osteons or haversian systems and many layers with few gaps on this tissue therefore it is dense and hard. The hard minerals and flexible collagen makes bone strong. Each osteon consist of concentric layers of hard mineralized matrix (concentric lamellae). Bones consist mainly of calcium. Calcium is important it is a cofactor for enzyme function, in maintaining cell membranes, in muscle contraction, nervous system functions, and in blood clotting. When the diet does not provide a sufficient amount of calcium, it is released from the bones, and when there is too much calcium in the body, it is stored in the bones. Vitamin D is important for proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine. Vitamin D is found in foods such as eggs, milk and other dairy products. Vitamin D forms from a substance (dehydrocholesterol) produced by cells in the digestive tract or obtained in the diet. Dehydrocholesterol is carried by the blood to the skin, it is converted to a compound that becomes vitamin D. Skin helps to manufacture vitamin D from ultraviolet light, which is important to normal bone growth and development. The organic substances of bone give it a certain degree of flexibility. The inorganic portion of bone is made from mineral salts such as calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium fluoride, magnesium phosphate, sodium oxide, and sodium chloride. These minerals give bone its hardness and durability. The bone became brittle and elastic due to loss of calcium. In rickets condition bones become soft, brittle due to lack of calcification, causing deformities as bowlegs. In the absence of this vitamin, calcium is poorly absorbed, and the inorganic salt portion of bone matrix lacks calcium causing bone deformities. In children, this condition is called rickets, and in adults, it is called osteomalacia. Vitamin A is important for osteoblast and osteoclast activity during normal development. The deficiency of vitamin A may retard bone development. Vitamin C is required for collagen synthesis. If osteoblasts produce less collagen in the intercellular material of the bone tissue this deficiency will make bones fragile. Bone adapts to changing stresses and forces. When muscles increase and become more powerful due to exercise, the corresponding bones also become thicker and stronger through stimulation of osteoblasts. Regular exercise maintains normal bone structure. Bones which are not subjected to normal stresses, such as an injured leg immobilized in a cast, quickly degenerate. Without exercise the bone tissue becoming thinner and weaker (atrophy). 2. How do the relative proportions of the cranium and face of a fetus compare with those of the adult skull? The skull consists of two sets of bones: cranial and the facial bones. The soft spots of a babys skull are areas of incompletely ossified bones called fontanels. The bones of the skull are connected by fibrous, pliable, connective tissue at birth. The flexibility of these connections allows the skull bones to move and overlap as the infant passes through the birth canal. The fontanels begin to close about two months after birth. The largest of the fontanels, the frontal fontanel located on the top of the skull, does not close until 18 to 24 months of age. Cranial bones are thin and slightly curved. During infancy, these bones are held together by an irregular band of connective tissue called a suture. As the child grows, this connective tissue ossifies and turns into hard bone. The frontal bone and mandible are separate right and left bones but fuse medially by age 5 or 6. In newborn, face is flat and the cranium is large. The brain grows faster than the rest of body meaning the head is larger than body, and in adults the head is smaller than body. The infants cranium is big comparing to its face, have two openings called fontanels, the bones of the skull consist of four plates that are not fused 3. How does the shape of the joint impact its ability to move? Some joints are very flexible, allowing movement, while others are strong, providing protection of the internal tissues and organs, but do not permit movement. The fibrous joints are mostly immovable. The three types of fibrous joints are sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. Sutures provide protection for the brain and are only found in the adult skull. They are immovable joints. A syndesmoses joint is a joint where the bones do not touch each other and are held together by fibrous connective tissue. A gosphosis joint is composed of peg and socket. A synarthrosis joint is immovable. An amphiarthrosis joint is slightly movable. A diarthrosis joint is a freely movable joint. The movable joints consist of three main parts: articular cartilage, a bursa (joint capsule), and a synovial (joint) cavity. Functional Category Structural Category Example Synarthrosis (immovable joints) Fibrous Suture Gomphosis Cartilaginous Synchondrosis Between bones of adult skull Between teeth and jaw Epithyseal cartilages Amphiarthrosis (little movement) Fibrous Syndesmosis Cartilaginous Symphysis Between the tibia and fibula Between right and left public bones of pelvis Between adjacent vertebral bodies along vertebral column Diarthrosis (free movement) Synovial Elbow, ankle, ribs, wrist, shoulder, hip Type of Joint Type of Movement Example Planar Gliding Joints between carpals and tarsals Hinge Flexion and extension Elbow, knee, and ankle Pivot Rotation Atlantoaxial joint (between first and second vertebrae) Condyloid Abduction and adduction Wrist joint Saddle Flexion, extension, metacarpal abduction, adduction Carpometacarpal joint (between bone of thumb and carpal bone of wrist) circumduction Ball-and-Socket Rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction Shoulder and hip joints 4. Why is articular cartilage important? The articular cartilage covers and protects the bone ends. The articular cartilage also acts as a shock absorber. The articular capsule encloses the joint structure. Articular cartilage is a highly organized avascular tissue composed of chondrocytes embedded within an extracellular matrix of collagens, proteoglycans and noncollagenous proteins. Its primary function is to enable the smooth articulation of joint surfaces, and to cushion compressive, tensile and shearing forces. The articular cartilage is a layer of hyaline cartilage. Hyaline cartilage has one of the lowest coefficients of friction known for any surface to surface contact. The synovial fluid and cartilages make joint movements friction-free. Case Study: Fractured leg Chief Complaint: 14-year-old girl admitted with a broken left leg. History: Nicole Michaelson, a 14-year-old girl, was skiing when she fell and broke her left leg. As she fell, her left leg got caught under the body of another skier who ran into her. An X-ray revealed that the fracture was a compound, tibial-fibular fracture just below the knee. The X-ray also revealed a torn meniscal cartilage in the knee above the fracture. The girl remained in the hospital for 14 days because of an infection of the leg in the area of skin breakage. Her immobilized leg was casted after the infection subsided. She remained in a full leg-length cast for 3 months, after which the upper portion of the cast was removed and she was allowed to start bearing weight on the leg. The bones ultimately healed, but the girl continued to have left knee swelling (water on the knee) and pain made worse by walking. Arthroscopic examination of the knee revealed a meniscus that was still torn 6 months after her injury. Questions 1. What does the term tibial-fibular fracture mean? It is a fracture of both the tibia and fibula in the lower leg below the knee. 2. What is a compound fracture? When fracture occurs, there is swelling due to injury and bleeding tissues. A compound fracture is where the broken bone ends pierce and protrude through the skin. This cause infection of the bone and neighboring tissues. The process of restoring bone is done through three methods: closed reduction, open reduction, and traction. 3. Why was her injury more likely to become infected than a routine fracture of the leg? Nicole has an open/compound fracture where the broken bone ends pierce and protrude through the skin. This can cause infection of the bone and neighboring tissues since the skin is normally colonized with bacteria. The infections of osseous tissue are difficult to treat. 4. Describe the microscopic features of osseous tissue that help long bones withstand lateral stress without breaking. The lateral stress placed on Nicoles left tibia and fibula causing: 1. Stretching/tearing on the side opposite of the impact The bony collar withstands tearing apart by vertically arranged bundles of tough collagen in the extracellular matrix of bone. This collagen is lined up in a spiraling vertical pattern in which the fibers in each lamella are perpendicular to those in adjacent lamellae. 2. Compression of the bone on the side of impact The bony collar have a stress on lateral impact. It withstands the pressure/stress/crushing by tough hydroxyapatite crystals in its extracellular matrix. These hydroxyapatite crystals serve as weight-bearing pillars for the bone. They arranged in layers within the osteons (Haversian systems) of compact bone. The middle area (medullary cavity) is filled with red and yellow bone marrow. The tough compact bone is not needed in the middle therefore compressive and tearing forces cancel each other out in mid-way through the bone. 5. Describe the microscopic features of the osseous tissue that help long bones withstand compressive forces without breaking The bony collar of long bones helps to support the weight of the body and withstand compressive stress. Epiphysis a spongy bone tissue is spherical in shape and is located at both the distal and proximal end of a long bone. Spongy bone tissue consists of an irregular latticework of thin needle-like threads of bone called trabeculae. The spongy bone in the epiphyses helps withstand compressive forces, it is well designed to pass on strength to a bone by adding minimum weight. The trabeculae develops along the bones line of stress, and help to distribute the weight of the body out to the bony collar of the diaphysis. Diaphysis is the long, cylindrical, hollow shaft of the bone. Trabeculae distributes the weight evenly. 6. What features of the knee joint structure help minimize friction between the thighbone and the leg bone? When two movable bones meet at a joint, their surfaces do not touch one another. The tow articular joint surfaces are covered with a smooth, slippery cap of cartilage known as articular cartilage. This cartilage helps to absorb shocks and prevent friction between parts. Enclosing two articular surfaces of the bone is a tough, fibrous connective tissue capsule called an articular capsule. Lining the articular capsule is a synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid into the synovial cavity. Synovial joints are type of joint in the body, permitting the greatest range of movement. The knee joint is an examples of synovial joints. The synovial joint consists of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, a fibrous articular capsule, and ligaments. The lubricating fluid (synovial fluid) in the capsule secreted into joint cavities. This fluid reduces the friction between the tibia and femur during extension and flexion of the knee. The synovial fluid secreted serves as a lubricant to prev ent friction between a tendon and a bone. The articualr surfaces of the tibia and femur are covered with smooth hyaline cartilage. This cartilage reduces friction between the bones. The medial and lateral menisci (fibrocrtilage) that locates on top of the tibial surface. On the distal surface of the femur the shape of lateral condyles and medial match the shapes of the menisci, this match shape stabilizes the knee joint and gives a shock absorbing function during weight-bearing. 7. Describe the changes a broken bone undergoes as it is healing. Healing process stages: A. Hematoma (fracture hematoma-blood clot) and granulation tissue forms- when bone breaks, blood leaks out of the veins and forms a clot (fracture hematoma). This helps to keep both pieces lined up for mending and stabilize the bone. B. Soft callus forms 1. fibroblasts and osteoblasts migrate in from the periosteum and endosteum (takes 1st 3 to 4 weeks) 2. fibroblasts lay down a collagen matrix, some of the fibroblasts (osteogenic cells) differentiate into chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells) and produce patches of fibrocartilage (soft callus) C. Hard callus osteoblasts begin to replace the fibrocartilage splint with spongy bone to join the broken ends or bone fragments together, forming a bulge which is wider than the after the injury. It takes 4 to 6 weeks for a hard callus to form. The broken bone is immobilized by cast to prevent reinjury. D. Remodeling Osteoclasts dissolve small fragments of broken bone, and osteoblasts deposit spongy bone to connect the gap between the broken ends. As the patient starts to use the bone (weight bearing), the bone starts to remodel along lines of maximal stress (requires the activity of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts) hard callus remodeled bone (the fracture leaves a slight thickening of the bone it is shows up on an X-ray). 8. How does weight bearing influence the bone repair process you described above? (i.e. what effect does weight-bearing have on the orientation of the Haversian systems?) Wolffs law is a hypothesis related to the effect of weight-bearing on bone remodeling. This law states that bone grows and remodels in response to the mechanical stresses placed upon it, therefore the bone adapts to withstand those stresses. The bone locates along lines of maximal stress. The reasons are: 1). long bones are the thickest midway down the diaphysis, since the stresses are the greatest in this location. 2). curved bones are the thickest where they are most likely to buckle 3). the bony plates in spongy bone for weight-bearing 4). large bony processes are located where muscles attach to/pull on bone The Haversian systems in bones locates along the lines of maximal stress. If persons exercise activities change, the microscopic structure of bones change. High-heeled shoes transfer the balanced distribution of the weight of the body form between the calcaneus (the heel bone) and the matatarsals (bones in the ball of the foot) to just the metatarsals. As a result, the arches of the foot do not absorb the force of the bodys weight, which may lead to injuries of the soft tissue structures, joints, and bones. Also, if woman wears flat shoe most of the time she will undergo a bone remodelling if she will start to wear high-heeled shoes. Fibular grafts can be used in remodelling process to replace arm bones due to medical condition such as cancer or some other injuries. If patient have had the mid-portion of his/her tibia removed, it can be replaced with fibular graft. The patient with such replacement will be able to do a weight-bearing on the graft. 9. Why did Nicoles bones heal much more quickly than her cartilage? Nicoles bones heal faster than her cartilage due to high vascularity. Bone contains of many blood vessels which allows a good blood supply and cartilage contains very few blood vessels (poor blood supply). The materials for healing move rapidly between blood vessels and bone cells. Cartilage receives its nutrients indirectly though diffusion from neighboring tissues and synocial fluid. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts repair and reshape the bone in faster rate. Osteoclasts dissolve small fragments of broken bone, and osteoblasts deposit spongy bone to connect the gap between the broken ends. Tendons and ligaments blood supply is between bone and cartilage. Tendons and ligaments heal faster than cartilage but slower than bone. The six month after Nicoles injury her meniscus was still damaged, torn meniscal cartilage should be removed via arthroscopic surgery.

The Exploration of Hernando de Soto Essay example -- American America

The Exploration of Hernando de Soto In 1539 Hernando de Soto and five hundred adventurers began on a journey of exploration that would take 4 years and would travel through 10 states in the southeast United States. His goal was to discover a source of wealth, preferably gold, and around his mines establish a settlement. During his travels through La Florida he encountered numerous groups of native peoples, making friends of some and enemies of others. His expedition was not the first in La Florida; however, it was the most extensive. In its aftermath, thousands of Indians would die by disease that the Spaniards brought from the Old World. De Soto would initially be remembered as a great explorer but, would be later viewed as a destroyer of native culture. However, in truth de Soto was neither a hero or a villain but rather an adventurer. De Soto was born somewhere around the year 1500 in Jerez de los Caballeros in Extremadura in what is now Spain (Milanich & Hudson 26). Contemporaries of de Soto would include Cortez, Balboa, and Francisco Pizzaro with whom he would share a great adventure. De Soto's ancestors had been part of the reconquista and as aristocrats many had been knighted for their part in driving the Moors from the Iberian Peninsula (Milanich & Hudson 26). Hernando would have played no part in the expulsion of the Moors; however, family legacy would have played no small part in developing his frame of reference. It is thought that by the time do Soto was fourteen he was on his way to the new world. In 1514 de Soto sailed with the new governor of modern day Panama. Six years later he was a captain who because of his part in military action against the Indians of Panama had earned the right to own Indian Sl... ...e seen as an adventurer or an entrepreneur trying to make good on his investment. Works Cited: Milanich, Jerald T. and Charles Hudson. Hernando de Soto and the Indians of Florida. Gainesville: U. of Florida P, 1993. Milanich, Jerald T. and Susan Milbrath., ed. First Encounters: Spanish Exploration in the Caribbean and the United States1492-1570. Gainesville: U of Florida P, 1989. Shipp, Bernard. The History of Hernando de Soto and Florida. Philadelphia: Lindsay, 1881. Varner, John G. and Jeanette Varner., trans., ed. The Florida of the Inca. Austin: U of Texas P, 1951. Verano, John W. and Douglas H. Ubelaker., ed. Disease and Demography in the Americas. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Viola, Herman J. and Carolyn Martolis., ed. Seeds of Change: Five Hundred Years Since Columbus. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991.

Health Care Industrys Environmental Footprint Health And Social Care Essay

In this article, the writers address the importance of nurses being a portion of the Electronic Health Records ( EHR ) procedure. Having nurses as the major portion in direct patient attention and their input on the design and execution of the EHR. The article besides talks about the Health Information Technology ( HIT ) and the authoritiess push to standardise records. The demand to diminish unneeded trial or extra trials from different suppliers is at the head of this end. The Federal authorities passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health ( HITECH ) Act as an inducement to Medicare and Medicaid suppliers to implement EHR in their patterns. The article besides discusses many facets of the nurses ‘ day-to-day occupation demands and how this EHR enhances or deters from direct patient attention.Turley, M. , Porter, C. , Garrido, T. , Gerwig, K. , Young, S. , Radler, L. , & A ; Shaber, R. ( 2011 ) . Use Of Electronic Health Records Can Improve The Health Care Industry ‘s Environmental Footprint. Health Affairs, 30 ( 5 ) , 938-46. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/868915481? accountid=40921In this article the writers province â€Å" We estimate that Kaiser Permanente ‘s electronic wellness record system, which covers 8.7 million donees, eliminated 1,000 dozenss of paper records and 68 dozenss of x-ray movie, and that it has lowered gasoline ingestion among patients who otherwise would hold made trips to the physician by at least three million gallons per twelvemonth † ( Turley et al. , 2011, p. 938 ) . Kaiser Permanente is a California leader in the Health Care Industry. The article states the Federal Government inducements to go electronic in all wellness records get downing in 2011, from the HITECH and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ( ARRA ) . This article looks into the environmental effect s of EHR has on â€Å" resource ingestion and nursery gas coevals or preservation † ( Turley et al. , 2011, p. 938 ) . â€Å" THE ECO-HEALTH FOOTPRINT The Eco-Health Footprint has been developed by the Global Safety and Health Initiative, a partnership of nongovernmental organisations dedicated to bettering the wellness attention industry ‘s environmental impact and patients ‘ and workers ‘ wellness and safety.3 The Eco-Health Footprint identifies six major classs of environmental impact within wellness attention. The six are nursery gases, including anaesthetic and medical gases ; waste, including solid, regulated medical, risky, electronic, building and destruction, and reclaimable waste ; toxic chemicals ; H2O usage, including H2O used in medical procedures, imbibing H2O, and effluent ; air pollutants regulated by national air-quality criterions, such as ozone, particulate affair, C monoxide, N dioxide, S dioxide, and lead ; 8 and the usage of land for e difices † ( Turley et al. , 2011, p. 940 ) . The survey shows the effects the computing machines have on the nursery consequence on the Earth. It besides shows the still continued usage of paper during outpatient visits with printed patient drumhead sheets. They have noticed a lessening in transit usage and lessening in gas ingestion for less travel for unneeded visits to the office. The survey shows that by utilizing EHR, the state would profit from a greener environment. DesRoches, C. M. , Campbell, E. G. , Vogeli, C. , Aheng, J. , Rao, S. R. , Shields, A. E. , †¦ Jha, A. K. ( 2010, April ) . Electronic Health Records ‘ Limitedd Successes Suggest More Targeted Uses. Health Affairs, 29 ( 4 ) , 639-46. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/204623833? accounted-40921 In this article the writers examine the demand for EHR to increase the quality of patient attention and more policies to see this can be obtained. The article besides examines that in smaller establishments there is limited information sing the usage of EHR and meaningful usage. â€Å" Therefore, we used informations from our recent national study of electronic wellness record acceptance among acute attention infirmaries to look into the relationship between the acceptance of electronic wellness records and cardinal single maps, and available steps of wellness attention quality and efficiency. Specifically, we assessed whether electronic wellness record acceptance was associated with better public presentation on standard process-of-care steps, lower mortality and readmission rates, shorter lengths-of-stay, and lower inmate costs † ( DesRoches et al. , 2010, p. 639 ) . The survey consequences showed there was no existent difference in attention between infirmaries that have EH R and those who did non hold EHR.Fleming, N. S. , Culler, S. D. , McCorkle, R. , Becker, E. R. , & A ; Ballard, D. J. ( 2011, March ) . The Financial And Nonfinancial Costs Of Implementing Electronic Health Record In Primary Care Practices. Health Affairs, 30 ( 3 ) , 481-9. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/857836970? accountid=40921The writers researched barriers to physician offices to implementing EHR. The top barriers noted by doctors in different metropoliss were deficiency of support, the high startup costs and that the system they choose will be disused before they can implement the service. The biggest factor in researching this was to garner three groups, a physician advisory group, and an ambulatory electronic wellness record commission and the Healthtexas Best Care Committee to implement bundles needed to upgrade to the EHR. The writers besides took fiscal records to see how much clip was spent by each individual and the cost th at was accrued because of it. â€Å" The Department of Health and Human Services is making regional extension centres to help suppliers with the acceptance of electronic wellness record systems. † This coaction has the possible to turn to many of the challenges to electronic wellness record execution faced by single suppliers or little physician patterns † ( Fleming, Culler, McCorkle, Becker, & A ; Ballard, 2011, p. 488 ) . Lowery, M. , Dobbs, J. , & A ; Monkhouse, A. ( 2012, September ) . Implanting An Electronic Health Record Within A Health Visiting Service: The Journal of the Health Visitor ‘s Association. Community Practitioner, 85 ( 9 ) , 20-3. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/1039540619? accountid=40921 The writers attempt to implement an EHR in two counties in London to a visiting nurses association. As with concerns from the United States, London besides demanded rigorous privateness and protection of patient records throughout the procedure of implementing EHR. The biggest push for EHR was for child wellness, school nursing and wellness visiting nurses. They formed a undertaking board to oversee and give advice on what was needed in the EHR. During the first stage of the undertaking they found they did non hold specific adequate standard for what the Health Visitor ‘s Association needed. Part of the 2nd stage was to engage IT Facilitators to take the notes from stage 1 and incorporate what was needed to back up their demands. The writers found they are able to implant an EHR into sing nurses and comply with all regulations on safe guarding patient security and maintain accurate charting. Bruen, B. K. , Ku, L. , Burke, M. F. , & A ; Buntin, M. ( 2011, March ) . More Than Four In Five Office-Based Doctor Could Qualify for Federal Electronic Health Record Incentives. Health Affairs, 30 ( 3 ) , 472-80. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/857837337? accountid=40921The writer states that physician offices that care for Medicare and Medicaid patients can measure up for inducements to implement EHR into their offices from the authorities. Doctors have felt they lack information sing EHR in their private patterns related to whether systems will suit their demands, cost and the worth of the investing. These concerns were addressed by HITECH by holding federal criterions for EHR and inducements for cost of execution. The inducement for holding EHR is doctors who treat Medicare patients will have up to $ 18,000 by 2012 and worsening sums over the following four old ages after that. Besides if a doctor does non hold an EHR by 2015 will ha ve reduced Medicare benefits. There are besides inducements for doctors who treat 30 % Medicaid patients will have up to $ 21,250. Pediatricians who see 20-30 per centum of Medicaid patients besides qualify for an inducement but at a lower fee. The writer found that about 82 per centum of doctors were eligible for the authorities inducement program.Song, PhD, P. H. , McAlearney, ScD, A. , Robbins, J. , McCullough, PhD, J. S. , & A ; Smith, B. T. ( 2011, May/June ) . Researching The Business Case for Ambulatory Electronic Health Record System Adoption/Practioner Application. Journal of Healthcare Management, 56 ( 3 ) , 169-82.â€Å" The intent of this survey was to analyze the function of concern instance analysis in healthcare organisations ‘ determinations to put in ambulatory EHR systems, and to place what factors organisations considered when warranting an ambulatory EHR † ( Song, McAlearney, Robbins, McCullough, & A ; Smith, 2011, p. 169 ) . Research workers have sh own that doctors have shown a deficiency of positive return in their investing is a hindrance in implementing EHR. Because of the deficiency of information for a concern instance, the writer looks into how healthcare organisations can warrant puting in ambulatory EHR. Anticipated reimbursement alterations were one of the largest factors for a concern instance in implementing an ambulatory EHR system. Besides the estimated authorities stimulation bundle was another inducement in implementing and ambulatory EHR system. â€Å" all organisations we studied perceived that a positive concern instance for EHR system acceptance existed, and this positive concern instance was driven by considerations about indirect fiscal benefits † ( Song et al. , 2011, p. 182 ) .ReferencesBruen, B. K. , Ku, L. , Burke, M. F. , & A ; Buntin, M. ( 2011, March ) . More Than Four In Five Office-Based Doctor Could Qualify for Federal Electronic Health Record Incentives. Health Affairs, 30 ( 3 ) , 472-80. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/857837337? accountid=40921 DesRoches, C. M. , Campbell, E. G. , Vogeli, C. , Aheng, J. , Rao, S. R. , Shields, A. E. , †¦ Jha, A. K. ( 2010, April ) . Electronic Health Records ‘ Limitedd Successes Suggest More Targeted Uses. Health Affairs, 29 ( 4 ) , 639-46. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/204623833? accounted-40921 Fleming, N. S. , Culler, S. D. , McCorkle, R. , Becker, E. R. , & A ; Ballard, D. J. ( 2011, March ) . The Financial And Nonfinancial Costs Of Implementing Electronic Health Record In Primary Care Practices. Health Affairs, 30 ( 3 ) , 481-9. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/857836970? accountid=40921 Lowery, M. , Dobbs, J. , & A ; Monkhouse, A. ( 2012, September ) . Implanting An Electronic Health Record Within A Health Visiting Service: The Journal of the Health Visitor ‘s Association. Community Practitioner, 85 ( 9 ) , 20-3. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/1039540619? accountid=40921 McBride, PhD, RN, S. , Delaney, BSN, RN-BC, J. M. , & A ; Tietze, PhD, RN-BC, FHIMSS, M. ( 2012 ) . Health Information Technology and Nursing. AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 112 ( 8 ) , 36-42. hypertext transfer protocol: //dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ0000418095.31317.1b Song, PhD, P. H. , McAlearney, ScD, A. , Robbins, J. , McCullough, PhD, J. S. , & A ; Smith, B. T. ( 2011, May/June ) . Researching The Business Case for Ambulatory Electronic Health Record System Adoption/Practioner Application. Journal of Healthcare Management, 56 ( 3 ) , 169-82. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/870480359? accountid=40921 Turley, M. , Porter, C. , Garrido, T. , Gerwig, K. , Young, S. , Radler, L. , & A ; Shaber, R. ( 2011 ) . Use Of Electronic Health Records Can Improve The Health Care Industry ‘s Environmental Footprint. Health Affairs, 30 ( 5 ) , 938-46. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //persimmon.tesc.edu:2059/docview/868915481? accountid=40921

Why Does My Knee Feel Like It Wants to Pop

Why Does My Knee Feel Like It Wants to Pop SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Does your knee feel like it needs to pop and you can’t get the sensation to go away? What’s causing this feeling, and what can you do about it? In this guide, we explain why your knee feels like it needs to pop, if you should see a doctor about it, the five most common causes behind your knee feeling like it needs to pop, and how to get relief from this problem. Is It Bad If My Knee Feels Like It Needs to Pop? Should I See a Doctor? If your knee feels like it wants to pop is that a sign of a serious medical problem? Should you see a doctor about it? Fortunately, when your knee feels like it wants to pop, the cause is usually not serious. Rest and home remedies are usually enough to make the issue go away. However, there are some cases when a knee that feels like it needs to pop can indicate a more serious problem. See a doctor if you have any of these symptoms and your knee feels like it needs to pop: The issue has been going on for a long time and hasn’t improved The issue has recently gotten worse You can’t complete normal movements (walking, sitting) because of your knee You can’t straighten your leg completely You recently injured your knee You’ve had knee surgery There’s significant pain or swelling As mentioned above, it’s rare for a knee that feels like it needs to pop to be a serious medical condition. In the next section we discuss the most likely causes behind the issue. The Top 5 Reasons Your Knee Feels Like It Wants to Pop Below are the top five reasons your knee feels like it wants to pop, in order of most common to less common. For each one we describe what the condition is, what causes it, what common symptoms are, and how it can be treated. Runner’s Knee (Chondromalacia Patella) Runner’s knee is the most common cause of your knee feeling like it needs to pop. Although it is a common issue among runners, this condition can happen to anyone, especially those who exercise a lot or do work that requires frequent knee-bending. Runner’s knee occurs when the soft cartilage under the kneecap breaks down. This cartilage helps keep the knee joint moving smoothly and also helps strengthen the knee so it can carry your body weight when you walk. Runner’s knee often causes your knee joint to become weaker and less stable. It may also prevent your knee from moving as easily as it did before, so your knee may feel like it wants to pop, or you may actually feel your knee popping into place when you move it. Over time, this issue can cause arthritis in the knee if it isn’t treated. Common symptoms of runner’s knee include: Aching pain in the kneecap, especially during exercise Pain when walking downhill or downstairs Pain when bending your knee Swelling Treatment Rest, ice, and elevation are often enough to alleviate symptoms, but if the problem is serious or doesn’t go away, your doctor may recommend physical therapy or (rarely) surgery. Bursitis A bursa is a sac of fluid that cushions bones and tendons. Your body has multiple bursae, including one under each kneecap. Bursitis of the knee (also known as Housemaid’s Knee) occurs when the bursa becomes inflamed. This may be due to overuse of the knee, especially in the kneeling position. Common symptoms of bursitis include: Pain Redness Tenderness Swelling A popping sensation or noise when kneeling or standing up Treatment Rest, ice, and pain medication are usually enough to reduce the symptoms of bursitis, but if you feel you need more treatment, your doctor may recommend physical therapy, steroid injections, and/or aspiration (draining fluid from the knee). Baker’s Cyst Another potential cause of your knee feeling like it needs to pop is a cyst. A cyst occurs when part of the fluid in a joint is pushed into a sac of tissue. The sac bulges out, creating a cyst. Cysts in the knee are typically Baker’s Cysts, and they usually form behind the knee. These cysts may be caused by injury, arthritis, or an unknown cause. Common symptoms of cysts include: A visible bump around the knee (though not always) Swelling behind the knee Slight pain behind the knee, especially when bending or straightening your leg Tightness or stiffness Treatment A Baker’s cyst itself is usually not a cause for concern, and they often go away on their own. However, if the cyst is causing you pain or discomfort, you can have it drained or surgically removed. Arthritis Many people believe that arthritis is a problem only older people have, but it can occur at any age, especially if you exercise a lot, have a family history of arthritis, or have had an injury. Osteoarthritis of the knee occurs when the cartilage that cushions joints begins to wear away and the surfaces of the two bones begin to rub together. This can lead to pain, stiffness, and a knee that feels like it needs to pop as the joints move together roughly. Common symptoms of arthritis include: Pain that increases when you are active Stiffness in the joint Difficulty fully extending the knee Warmth and swelling in the joint A creaking or crackling sound when you move your knee Treatment There are numerous options for treating arthritis, some of which include physical therapy, wearing a knee brace, taking pain medication, and getting injections of steroids or hyaluronic acid into the knee. ACL Injury The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is one of the four main ligaments in your knee that connects your femur bone to your tibia bone. Your ACL helps keep your knee stable. The ACL is one of the most commonly injured ligaments, and injuries can range from minor tears to the ligament tearing completely away from the bone. ACL injuries usually happen suddenly, often when exercising or playing a sport. You will likely begin to experience pain and other symptoms right away. If you have a serious ACL injury, you probably have much more serious symptoms than a popping knee, such as severe pain and the inability to walk. However, a minor ACL injury can make your knee feel like it needs to pop because the joint isn’t properly stable. Common symptoms of ACL injuries include: Feeling or hearing a pop at the time of injury Pain on the back and outside of knee Swelling Limited knee movement Knee feeling weak or unstable Treatment Physical therapy can be done for minor ACL injuries, but surgery is usually required for serious injuries to the ACL. How to Soothe Your Knee As mentioned above, you can usually stop your knee from feeling like it needs to pop and reduce the chance of it feeling that way again by using home remedies, although a doctor’s visit and/or physical therapy may also be needed. When you have a knee that feels like it needs to pop, the best way to make it feel better isn’t by popping it (which often isn’t possible), but by reducing strain and pressure on the knee. Below are four of the best ways to get relief. Rest The best treatment for your knee is rest. Almost all causes of a knee that feels like it needs to pop are at least some way related to overuse of the knee. Taking a break from whatever physical activities you do that put strain on your knee may be enough to stop it feeling like it needs to pop. If you can’t completely cut out physical activity, try wearing a knee brace to alleviate stress and take frequent breaks. If your exercise regularly, you can also try switching to a lower-impact form of exercise, such as swimming or running on an elliptical. Ice Ice is another way to help your knee recover, and it’s especially effective if you have pain, redness, or swelling in your knee. Ice your knee for 15 minutes at a time, at least twice a day, until the symptoms go away or are reduced. Elevation Elevating your knee can also reduce pain and swelling and stop your knee from feeling like it needs to pop. While laying on your back, prop your foot up so your affected knee is higher than your hips. Do this for at least 1-2 hours a day if possible (it’s good to do while reading or watching TV so you have something to do) to help alleviate your symptoms. Exercises You can also try certain exercises designed to â€Å"pop† your knee or get it to stop feeling like it needs to pop, although these aren’t guaranteed to solve the problem. One option is a quadriceps stretch, where you put one arm out in front of you for balance and use the other arm to grab the ankle of the same-side leg and lift your leg towards your buttocks. Quad muscles help in lifting the knee, so stretching them can help pop the knee or alleviate pressure on it. Another exercise is leg lifts. For these, lie flat on your back with your unaffected leg bent up and your leg with the affected knee flat on the ground. Slowly lift your leg on the ground straight up until your thighs are parallel, hold the position for a moment, then slowly lower it to the ground. Repeat this about 20 times, stopping sooner if you feel pain or discomfort. Conclusion: It Feels Like My Knee Needs to Pop If your knee feels like it wants to pop, you may be worried that it’s the sign of a serious medical condition. Fortunately, the cause is usually overuse of the knee, and it often goes away with rest, although you should see a doctor if your symptoms are severe. If your knee feels like it needs to pop, there are several common causes: Runner’s knee Bursitis Baker’s cyst Arthritis of the knee ACL injury For most of these, home remedies are enough to treat the issue, although you may need physical therapy or surgery for more severe injuries. To help soothe your knee, the most important thing is to rest it to relieve strain and pressure. You can also ice it, elevate it, and try exercises when your knee feels like it needs to pop.

A Guide to Solstices and Equinoxes

A Guide to Solstices and Equinoxes Solstices and equinoxes are interesting terms that show up each year on our calendars. They are related to astronomy and the motions of our planet. Most people think of them as the start of a season. Thats true as far as a date on a calendar is concerned, but they dont necessarily predict climate or weather. The terms solstice and equinox are related to specific positions of the Suns in the sky throughout the year. Of course, the Sun doesnt move through our sky. But, it appears to move because Earth is turning on its axis, like a merry-go-round. People on a merry-go-round see people appear to move around them, but its really the ride thats moving. Its the same with Earth. As the planet spins around, people see the Sun appear to rise in the east and set in the west.  The Moon, planets,  and stars all appear to do the same thing, for the same reason.   Precessional movement of Earths pole. Earth turns on its axis once a day (shown by the white arrows). The axis is indicated by the red lines coming out the top and bottom poles. The white line is the imaginary line the pole traces out as Earth wobbles on its axis. NASA Earth Observatory adaptation How Are Solstices and Equinoxes Determined? Watch the sunrise and sunset each day (and remember never to look directly AT our hot, bright Sun), and notice its rise and set points change throughout the year. Notice also that the Suns position in the sky at noon is farther north at some times of year and more southerly at other times. The sunrise, sunset, and zenith points slide slowly to the north from December 21-22 to June 20-21 each year. Then, they appear to pause before starting the slow daily slide toward the south, from June 20-21st (the northernmost point) to December 21-22 (the southernmost point). Those stopping points are called the solstices (from the Latin  sol,  which means sun, and sistere,  which means stand still). These terms stem back to a time when early observers had no knowledge of Earths motions in space but did notice that the Sun appeared to stand still at its northernmost and southernmost points, before resuming its apparent motion south and north (respectively). Solstices Summer solstice is the longest day of the year for each hemisphere. For northern hemisphere observers, the June solstice (the 20th or 21st), marks the beginning of summer. In the southern hemisphere, thats the shortest day of the year and marks the beginning of winter. Six months later, on December 21st or 22nd, winter begins with the shortest day of the year for northern hemisphere people. Its the start of summer and the longest day of the year for people south of the equator. This is why such solstices are now called the December and June solstices, rather than winter or summer solstices. It recognizes that the seasons for each hemisphere correspond to north or south location.   The Greek astronomer Hipparchus was the first to discover and chart the equinoxes. Getty Images   Equinoxes Equinoxes are also connected to this slow change of apparent solar position. The term equinox comes from two Latin words aequus (equal) and nox (night). The Sun rises and sets exactly due east and due west on the equinoxes, and day and night are of equal length. In the northern hemisphere, the March equinox marks the first day of spring, while its the first day of autumn in the southern hemisphere. The September equinox is the first day of fall in the north and the first day of spring in the south.   So, the solstices and equinoxes are important calendar points that come to us from the apparent position of the Sun in our sky. They are also intimately connected to the seasons but are not the sole reason why we have seasons. The reasons for the seasons  are linked to Earths tilt and its position as it orbits the Sun.   Observing the Solstices and Equinoxes Charting the moments of solstice and equinox is a year-long observation project. Take a moment each day to observe the sky; notice sunrise or sunset and mark where those occur along your horizon. After a few weeks, its very easy to note a  very distinct shift of the positions north or south. Check out the appearance points of sunrise and sunset against the printed calendar and see how close they come to matching. Its a great long-term science activity for anyone to do, and has been the subject of more than a few science fair projects!   While the original ideas about solstices and equinoxes hark back to a time in human history when sky observers had no way of knowing about our planets motions in space, they still mark important dates that give people clues about the change of seasons. Today, ancient astronomical markers such as Stonehenge remind us that people have been looking to the sky, and measuring its motions, since the dawn of human history.

Academic Integrity & Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Academic Integrity & Plagiarism - Essay Example Plagiarism becomes unintentional when another human’s ideas as well as statements are portrayed without the aim of representing them as own statements and ideas and failing to properly credit the original source for the ideas and the statements. There is a lot of information available all over the internet and due to lack of restriction on copying and presenting someone else’s work as own has resulted in increased incidents of both accidental and intentional plagiarism. Individuals may even fall for the myth that since the information is so easily available and so widely used, it does not need to be credited to the original source or to the source from which the information has been obtained. Information can be available in various forms, it can be available in form of texts, pictures, print and audio form and all this information needs to be documented in a proper manner to ensure that one does not ends up being held responsible for the act of plagiarism. As stated earlier, there are two forms of plagiarism, the unintentional and the deliberate one. There is no way of avoiding the plagiarism which is deliberate one as it is conducted knowingly. Certain steps are available through which plagiarism which is accidental in nature can be avoided. If an individual is utilizing obtaining and using secondary source of information or information that is already available, an individual has to make sure that he/she uses proper documentation procedure in order to avoid causing plagiarism which is intentional in nature. If an individual utilizes statements directly from someone else’s work, the user of this information has an ethical duty of properly documenting the used statements with the assistance of quotation marks followed by in text citation to provide information regarding the source from which the information was obtained along with the page number of the source. On the other hand if an individual uses some one else’s†™

Investigation of the june 3, 2006, collapse of Grandview triangle Essay

Investigation of the june 3, 2006, collapse of Grandview triangle bridge in Kansas City, MO (crane accident) - Essay Example The bridge deck was manufactured of nine concrete and a thick slab. The bridge had 12 spans of different length, whereby, the central girders were held in place by bents. The bents used to hold girders in place were made up of concrete. There were 11 bents in place connecting from east to west. On the other hand, girders were situated between flanges United (States Department of Labour, 2006). The picture below indicates that the bridge was made in such way that it appears as non-disjoint beam. As part of the Grandview Triangle development plan, the Montessori Department of Transport was awarded contract to vandalize old bridge including their bents. Further, the contract involved constructing new bridges as soon as the old ones were demolished. The Track Hoe Crane Company were the manufacturer of Track hoe Crane that was involved the accident on 3rd June 2006 accident at Kansas City during demolition process of the old buildings. The track hoe crane had an approximate height was estimated to be eighty five percent above the old bridge that was being demolished. On the contrary, the crane used in this demolition was weighing approximate seventy two thousand and eight hundred pounds. In addition, the load of the hoe crane had a capacity of 18percent during the collapse of the bridge (States Department of Labour, 2006). Various factors were involved in this accident. The following are the factors involved in the accident; the location of the hoe crane, the girder, expertise of the construction engineers who were involved in the demolition of the old bridges. It can be observed that the location of the crane was an important factor that contributed to the accident. The crane was placed located at the midst of the bridges, such location and the pressure that was being employed by the cranes led to the accident as the force was not uniformly distributed. Further, the pressure of above eighteen percent above the strength of the yield was quite

Poverty Across the Globe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Poverty Across the Globe - Essay Example In addition to this, it is also an important goal and issue for several international organizations, such as World Bank and United Nations. Growth in poverty scale can hamper social and economic growth of a country. Therefore, it is important for each and every individual of a country to fight against poverty in order to ensure sustainable growth of the country. This essay will discuss nature, scale and significance of poverty. In addition to this, the essay will try to discuss and assess the policies and practical interventions of two international organizations in the response to poverty. United Nations and CARE International have been considered as two international organizations for the purpose of this essay. Poverty can be considered as greatest scandal of contemporary era. Nature of poverty can be determined through its specific characteristics. Economic aspects of poverty generally focus on the material needs of human beings, such as clothing, shelter, food and safe drinking water. However, the nature of poverty can be divided into six different aspects, such as situational poverty, generational poverty, relative poverty, absolute poverty, ritual poverty and urban poverty. Situational poverty occurs through a sudden loss or crisis. According to several researchers, the effect of this situational poverty is temporary. Typical events or reasons can create situational poverty, such as divorce in a family, serious environmental disasters and severe health issues in a society or community. On the other hand, generational poverty is identified in such families, where two or more previous generations have taken birth with the scale of poverty. It is true that, these families can find it difficult to face this particular situation due to lack of supportive tools and aspects. Absolute poverty generally includes a scarcity of some basic necessities, such as safe and pure running water, food and