Science in Not Going Too Far Essay -- Scientific Argumentative Persuas

The Singapore Cultural Analysis Cultural Studies Essay

The Singapore Cultural Analysis Cultural Studies Essay Singapore is a little island in southeast Asia Known for its exchange and the travel industry. It is a little island with not much history but rather has a solid economy, stable government and a dynamic culture. II. Brief conversation of the countrys pertinent history Singapore was a British province for almost 150 years converged with the Malay domain. In 1965 it picked up autonomy from the British and was isolated from Malaysia to from another nation considered Singapore the name got from singa-pura which implies city of the lion. . (everyculture.com, n.d) III. Land setting Arranged in Southeast Asia, Singapore is a little island with an absolute zone 647.5 square kilometers, with land being 637.5 and water 10 square kilometers including the primary island and around 60 islets and the coastline reaches out to 193 kilometers. Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei are the flanking nations to Singapore. It is the point of convergence in the Southeast Asian ocean courses. A.Location Singapore is situated at the tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia in the middle of Malaysia and Indonesia. 1 22 N, 103 48E is the geological area of Singapore. B.Climate Singapore encounters tropical atmosphere with high mugginess and precipitation. There are no particular stormy and dry seasons however during the upper east rainstorm (dec-deface) it gets plentiful precipitation and during the southwestern rainstorm (jun-sep) it is the driest similarly. C.Topography Singapore Island is generally low-lying, green, undulating nation with a little scope of slopes at the inside. The most noteworthy point is Bukit Timah which is 166 meters and the absolute bottom is the Singapore waterway which is 0 meters. There are areas ofâ rainforestâ in the middle and largeâ mangroveâ swamps along the coast, which has numerous deltas, especially in the north and west. Singapores harbor is wide, profound, and well protected(Singapore review , 2007). IV. Social organizations A.Family 1.The family unit The general family pattern in Singapore is a family unit which is the guardians and the unmarried kids living under a similar rooftop. About 85% of Singaporean families are family units. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 2.The more distant family Close connections are kept up between the family members from both the moms and fathers side. There is a positive measure of association between the more distant family with them getting together during celebrations and festivities. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 3.Dynamics of the family a. Parental jobs The parental jobs that is the obligations and duties of a parent towards their kids are shared similarly by the mother and the dad. b. Marriage and romance Monogamy or having just a single spouse is the general guideline in Singapore however Polygamy or having more than one wife simultaneously is permitted among Muslim Malay. The separation rate in Singapore is apparently expanding however Interethnic relationships despite everything are needed to stop by. The normal age from the start marriage has expanded, and it is standard for youngsters to live with their folks until they wed. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 4.Female/male jobs (changing or static?) The male and female jobs are changing with 80% male business and half female work. Ladies are being given more significance in the public eye through the time yet there still needs female inclusion in the administrative or elevated level jobs. (everyculture.com, n.d) B.Education Singapore has an extremely high proficiency rate with solid training framework. The training framework depends on six years of elementary school, four years of optional school and later professional school or college, contingent upon the evaluations and understudy prefferences. The best schools are requesting with the opposition being high and savage. (everyculture.com, n.d).Singapore one of the most unmistakable instruction center points in Asia with elevated levels of training norms pulling in understudies from everywhere throughout the world with the absolute best colleges and establishments on the planet. 1.The job of training in the public eye Training assumes an unmistakable job in the public arena were youngsters are thought to hold the key not exclusively to their own future yet in addition to the eventual fate of their families. The normal age at which youngsters start school is six. (everyculture.com, n.d). Because of the expanding rivalry for employments and individual improvement in Singapore there is high accentuation given to great instruction and sustaining and advancing the different gifts of the understudies. a. Essential training Essential training is a sum of six years which comprises of a multi year establishment stage from Primary 1 to 4 and a multi year direction stage from Primary 5 to 6. The general point of essential training is to give understudies a decent handle of English language, Mother Tongue and Mathematics. There is no charge for grade school yet there are some different costs which indicate SGD $11/month. During grade school the understudies are urged to partake in Co-Curricular Activities and Community Involvement Programs to grow early abilities. Toward the finish of elementary school the understudies need to take a national level assessment called the Primary school leaving assessment (Ministry of instruction, 2012). b. Auxiliary instruction Auxiliary instruction comprises of four to five years of school in which the understudies are set in Special, Express, Normal (Academic) or Normal (Technical) course as per how they perform at the Primary school leaving assessment. The distinctive curricular accentuations are intended to coordinate their learning capacities and premiums. The expenses for auxiliary school shifts from $5/month for state funded schools, $3-$18 for self-sufficient schools and $200-$300 for free schools. For moving on from auxiliary school the understudies need to go to a national assessment called GCE O Levels(for Special/Express courses) or GCE N Levels (for Normal course).All understudies partake in at any rate one Co-curricular activity; CCA performance is considered for affirmation to JCs, CI, polytechnics and ITE(Ministry of instruction, 2012) c. Advanced education Singapore has probably the best colleges offering different projects. The National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Management University and Singapore University of Technology and Design are the absolute most rumored colleges in Singapore. These colleges have an overall reach and pull in a huge number of understudies every year. There are colleges from everywhere throughout the world likewise who offer their projects in Singapore either by teaming up with Singaporean establishments like college of Whales and college of Bradford who offer their projects through Management Development Institute of Singapore (MDIS) or by setting up a sister grounds in Singapore like INSED which is one of the universes chief business college from France and James Cook college an Australian college have sister grounds in Singapore. 2. Proficiency rates Singapore has a high proficiency rate because of the accentuation given to training. The % of individuals over the age of 15 who can peruse and compose is complete population:â 92.5%â male:â 96.6%â female:â 88.6% (2000 statistics) (Singapore-counrty profile ,2012) C. Political framework Singapore is a republic with a parliamentary framework. As a previous British settlement, Singapore since freedom in 1965 has embraced the Westminster Module. The head of state is the president, who is chosen for a fixed term of six years. The parliament is chosen in a general mandatory political race at regular intervals. There are likewise six designated individuals from the parliament. The bureau is the official organ of the state, and execution of government arrangements is completed by services and legal sheets. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 1.Political structure: Singapores government is segrigated into three fragments. - Executive-This incorporates the presedent who is the head-of-state abd the bureau which is lead by the prime minister.(www.sg , 2011) - Legislative-The Legislative branch is the Parliament, which is chosen byâ general electionâ every five years. The principal sitting of Parliament was hung on 8 December 1965. The principal general political decision for Parliament was hung on 13 April 1968. There are 22 enrolled ideological groups. .(www.sg , 2001) - Judiciary-The Supreme Courtâ and its Subordinate Courts make up the legal executive. The Judiciary controls the law autonomously of the Executive and this freedom is shielded by the Constitution.(www.sg , 2011) 2.Political gatherings There are 22 ideological groups in singapore and are as per the following: Singapore Chinese Party Persatuan Melayu Singapura Partai Rakyat, Singapore State Division Angkatan Islam The Workers Party Pertubohan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura People groups Action Party (PAP) Joined Peoples Party Barisan Socialis (BS), Socialist Front (SF) Parti Kesatuan Raayat (United Democratic Party) Singapore Indian Congress Collusion Party Singapura Joined National Front National Party of Singapore The Peoples Front Equity Party, Singapore Fair Progressive Party People groups Republican Party Joined Peoples Front Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) National Solidarity Party (NSP) Singapore National Front. (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) 3.Stability of government The Singapore government is entirely steady. There has never been a political lopsidedness and the administration has never been broken up. 4.Special charges 5.Role of neighborhood government Since singapore is such a little nation it doesn't have divisions in nearby government and is controlled by divisions of the focal government. In 1996 the then primeminister of singapore Goh introdused an arrangement of network devolopment committees (CDCs). In november 2001 the quantity of CDCs redused from 9 to 5 comprising of South West, North West, Central Singapore, South East, and North East. They are overseen by a gathering containing a civic chairman and somewhere in the range of 12 and 80 board individuals. (nationse

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 29th, 2019

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The Meaning and Use of the Italian Word Salute

If you sneezed in public in Italy recently, or were raising glasses of wine with friends while out to dinner, you likely heard the word salute. From the Latin salus, salutis, salute (a feminine noun) means principally health and safety, but also well-being, harmony, and general wholeness. Italians talk about health a lot, so you are likely to hear the word frequently. Quando cà ¨ la salute cà ¨ tutto. When there is good health, there is everything. La salute prima di tutto. Health above all. From the same Latin root comes the verb salutare, which means to greet, to say hello, with the original meaning of wishing someone well. Salute as Health Here are some common ways our everyday health is discussed: Sono stata male, ma adesso sono in buona salute. I have been sick, but now I am well/in good health. Francesca non à ¨ in buona salute; anzi, à ¨ in cattiva salute. Francesca is not in good health; in fact, she is in bad health. Franco non à ¨ in buone condizioni di salute. Franco is not healthy/not in good condition.Sei il ritratto della salute! You are the portrait of health!Ti trovo in salute. I find you in good health. Luisa scoppia di salute. Luisa is bursting with health. Mia nonna non gode di buona salute. My grandmother does not have/enjoy good health. To express if something is good or bad for ones health you use fare bene/fare male alla salute. Le verdure fanno bene alla salute. Vegetables are good for your health. Il fumo fa male alla salute. Smoking is bad for your health. When someone is sick, you can wish them una buona guarigione or una pronta guarigione or can you wish them a return to good health with rimettersi in salute. Ti auguro una pronta guarigione. Get well soon. Spero che Patrizia si rimetta in salute presto. I hope that Patrizia will be well soon. Cheers and Bless You! The word salute is used as salutation or toast in several situations: Sneezing When someone sneezes in Italy you say, Salute! wishing them good health. You also hear people say, Salute e figli maschi! (Wishing you good health and male children!) based on the fact that male children carried forth the family name and were working hands on the farm. Acknowledgment of Good Health You hear people say Salute! if someone just finished a huge meal or ate an excessive amount of food by oneself, or walked 10 miles in an hour—demonstrations of good health. Salute! Toasting And you say Salute! when you toast before a meal, or when you toast to someone. Salute! Cheers!Alla salute! To good health!Alla tua/vostra salute! To your good health!Auguri e figli maschi! Good wishes and male children. Popular Proverbs There are many popular proverbs that use the word salute. La buona salute à ¨ la vera ricchezza. Good health is the real wealth.La salute vale pià ¹ della ricchezza. Good health is worth more than wealth.Chi à ¨ sano à ¨ pià ¹ di un sultano. Those who are healthy are worth more than a sultan.Salute e vecchiezza creano bellezza. Health and age create beauty.Chi vuole conservare la salute per la vecchiaia, non la sciupi in gioventà ¹. Those who want to save health for their old age shouldnt waste it in youth. Salute!

Being An Organ Donor Before They Die - 994 Words

The first strategy suggested being Education; some educational efforts focus on increasing the number of people who consent to be an organ donor before they die, and others focus on educating families when they are considering giving consent for their deceased loved one’s organs. Another potential strategy is mandated choice where every individual would have to indicate their wishes regarding organ transplantation in legal documents e.g. drivers licenses and hospitals must comply with the written wishes of the individual regardless of what their family may want. This method has a positive aspect in that it enforces the concept of individual autonomy, but the downside being that it requires an enormous level of trust in the medical system. Presumed consent is a third strategy where citizens’ organs are taken after they die, unless a person specifically requests not to donate while still living. Many worries with this method is that the general public would have to be educated and well informed about organ donation, which is difficult to adequately achieve. Also, this approach requires people who wish to opt out to take action and this might unfairly burden some people e.g. minority cultural groups and immigrants might find it most challenging to opt out of donating due to language barriers and transportation difficulties. Another strategy under consideration is using incentives by giving assistance to families of a donor with funeral costs, to donating to charities in theShow MoreRelatedThe Punishment Of The United States1669 Words   |  7 Pages Inmate Christian Longo was convicted of the crimes he committed and he was on death row, he wrote an appeal to have his organs donated when he was executed, however he was denied. In an editorial by Longo put in the New York Times he said, â€Å"Eight years ago I was sentenced to death for the murders of my wife and three children. I am guilty. I once thought that I could fool others into believing this was not true. Failing that, I tried to convince myself that it didn’t matter. But, gradually, theRead MoreThe Need for Organ Donors Essay995 Words   |  4 Pageslife-saving transplant in time, eighteen people will die because the organ transplant they need will not be possible. Today I will explain the need for organ donors, how you can become an organ donor, and finally, how ones decisions can and is affecting society. There is a need for organ donors. Having enough people die isn’t the problem, there are more than enough potential donors dying but deny the right for someone to use their organs. This isn’t a small problem, but an enormous problemRead MoreWaiting Before Waiting By Merriam Webster Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pageswaiting on, the process beings all again. Nail biting worrying waiting, waiting to see if we got the big promotion or if we passed the test that one chose to just wing. Waiting can be an enjoyable game, it can help see where life takes one but on the other hand waiting can be neve racking horrible game. We wait on the abundant aroma of the plentifully Thanksgiving meal that is received each November of juicy turkey and cloud like potato soufflà ©. Once Thanksgiving passes one beings to wait on the jollyRead MoreOrgan Donation Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pageschance to give a person life through donating an organ is selfless. However, many people have an aversi on to becoming an organ donor. The reasons vary from personal reasons to very strict beliefs. An individual source can never determine the prime reason for a person’s choice not to donate an organ. Questions may arise on the ethics of these said people on if they should have the opportunity to receive an organ since they themselves are not donors. The opinions vary on this controversial topic; neverthelessRead MorePersuasive Speech : Organ Donor1480 Words   |  6 Pagesaudience of the importance of becoming an organ donor to save lives. Thesis: Becoming an organ donor can give severely ill people another chance at living a normal life. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Imagine having a loved one who is in end stage organ failure and has been put on the organ transplant waiting list, in hopes getting the chance to live. B. Reason to Listen: With the long list of people waiting to receive an organ transplant, it is important thatRead MoreSpeech on Organ Donation Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesSpeech on Organ Donation Good Morning. Today I am going to talk to you all about the delicate topic of organ donation, and share with you some of my views on the subject. What are the major problems in our society today? Illicit Drug Abuse? Excessive Alcohol intake? Or maybe the increasing levels of Obesity? 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Organ donation has negative connotation tied to its back. even though many people in today s society believe that no wrong can happen in their life but in reality we are not invincible and accidents do happen and your time will come to end sometime. The act of organ donation is a compassionate and the humane choice for a person to make. Transplantation is a modern medical marven. Despite continuing advances in medicine and technology, the need for organs and tissue

What I Most Appreicate About My Grandmother Free Essays

S. Day GENENG 103-201 April 5, 2012 5 paragraph essay Everyone has something in their life that they appreciate, for instance their mom, family, kids or their job. Whatever the case be, always appreciate the better things in life. We will write a custom essay sample on What I Most Appreicate About My Grandmother or any similar topic only for you Order Now So always keep a good mind setting and a positive attitude. There are a lot of things that people fail to realize that are most appreciative. What I most appreciate about my grandmother is how much she entertains, motivates and supports her family. At times my granny can be entertaining to me. She loves to tell stories to us about how she grew up in the south. She also has a temper so sometimes when someone says or does something she doesn’t like she will snap out on them. It’s only funny to me when I’m not the one getting grilled. In addition, to that she will sit and lecture anybody about whatever, so don’t do or say anything that will set her off. When she gets to talking it is too late to turn around and walk away because she will go on and on about it until she proves her point. Regardless of her snapping and lectures granny can be a loving and caring person. She loves church and is in the choir on Sundays. Everyone at her church loves to her sing solo, so she walks around the house and practicing her songs. I love how entertaining she can be, so anyone in need of some entertainment just comes to grannies house its always live. As kind-hearted as my granny is, she also has the quality of being a motivator. Throughout my life she always motivated me to do well in school and pushed me to be the best I can be. She always told me to â€Å"Leave those boys alone and get your education!! †. Even though I didn’t listen, I still kept that in mind and still received my diploma and now enrolled in college. I love it when she tells everyone at her church how proud she is of me. She lets everyone know that I made the Dean’s list while I was in high school. However, I believe that when she is gone, I’m going to be the one that motivates everyone in the family, because my granny has taught me a lot and made me the smart, beautiful young lady that I am today. I know deep down inside she wants all her grandchildren to be successful in life. Even though she doesn’t tell us, she wants to proud of all of us since her children are all grown up. From the love and the care of my granny, to the helping hand that will remain grateful, and the motivation she gives me, I truly love Canzinetta Webb and believe she is one of the best things that ever happen to me. My family and my granny are equally important to me but my granny is like the back bone of our family. Although I’m her grandchild she took me into her home as if I was her own. For this reason, I love her so much, because she didn’t want to see me go into foster care. She works hard to provide for me and my family. There’s always food on the table and clothes on our backs. Obviously, my granny is the back bone of our family because every Sunday my granny cooks a big dinner and all my family comes to our house to eat. I love Sundays because that’s when I get to see my other family I haven’t seen in a while. So when everyone leaves they will be leaving with a smile and a full stomach, maybe even a plate to-go. Yet, she supports her family however, whenever help is needed she is always been there for whoever family or not. For example, my aunt was a short a couple hundred dollars on her light bill, my granny was willing to help her pay the rest so her lights wouldn’t be off. Clearly my granny plays a big role in our family, she is a wonderful person and anyone would begin to love her once they got to know her. There are a lot of things that people fail to realize that are most appreciative. Appreciating your life is about being grateful for the people that are in your life that make it better, and the things that you have, even if they may not be everything in which you may desire. We must be able to prefer to appreciate the things we cannot have instead of trying to appreciate things that we would not be able to appreciate. How to cite What I Most Appreicate About My Grandmother, Papers

The Church as Forgiving Community An Initial Model free essay sample

Summary â€Å"The Church as Forgiving Community: An Initial Model,† by Chad M. Magnuson and Robert D. Enright is a research article based on the study of forgiveness. This article guides the reader through steps on how to work towards forgiveness as an individual, through the church, and into the community, and also how to then sustain the forgiving community that has been built through this forgiveness education. Magnuson and Enright propose a three-tiered holistic psycho-educational approach to forgiveness education called â€Å"The Forgiving Communities.† They state, â€Å"The goal of The Forgiving Communities is to deepen individuals’ (and society’s) understanding and personal practice of, and growth in forgiveness†. The model consists of multiple levels of forgiveness education that starts with the senior pastor and works its way down through the church leaders, lay volunteers, and eventually into the entire congregation. The main point of this article is how to train the church community to install and sustain Enright’s process model on forgiveness. We will write a custom essay sample on The Church as Forgiving Community: An Initial Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With this is the hope that the forgiveness education would trickle down to the children and give them the tools they need to confront injustices in a healthy way into adulthood. Magnuson and Enright provide research that show strong evidence for the benefits associated with using a â€Å"road map† to learn how to forgive someone and also on how to receive forgiveness. Their evidence suggests that those who have forgiven or received forgiveness also have significant reductions in anger, depression, anxiety, grief, and post-traumatic stress symptoms and increases in self-esteem, hope, positive attitudes, environmental mastery, and finding meaning in suffering . The model that is proposed consists of multiple levels of forgiveness education which takes place at fixed times throughout each year in order to cultivate a culture of forgiveness within the church, which would then by nature be evident in the community. Reflection This article seemed appealing to me because of the topic of forgiveness itself. Forgiveness has always been a struggle for me as I continue to grow and learn in my relationship with God. Forgiveness was never something that was discussed in the church I grew up in, and it was not until I attended Christian counseling as a client that I learned of the true concept of forgiveness and why it is beneficial both in my life and in the life of the one who has hurt or offended me. Until reading this article, I had never really considered the scientific side of forgiveness. Magnuson and Enright provide a lot of evidence to support the positive effect that forgiveness has on psychological, relational, and physical health. I also had never actually considered approaching forgiveness as a process of steps in order to achieve a goal. In granting forgiveness, Freedman et al (2005) as cited in the article explains that, â€Å"One must first uncover one’s anger. In doing so, one can work through such issues as identifying psychological defenses (like denial), confronting the anger, or sometimes acknowledging the experience of shame†¦Once one has committed to forgive, one can begin the work of forgiveness by viewing the offender in new ways by developing empathy and compassion toward the offender†¦ After one has work on forgiveness, one might find new meaning in the suffering, recognize that one has been an offender in the past, and realize that one is not alone in the journey,† The same process is true of the process of receiving forgiveness. Up until reading this article, I had never considered forgiveness as a process that takes â€Å"work† in order to reach the goal of forgiving or receiving forgiveness. I have certainly gained a greater interest and desire to study more empirical research on this topic of forgiveness and will start with some of the materials cited in this article. Application After conducting further research on this topic of forgiveness, I plan to construct my own model or â€Å"road map† in order to teach potential clients about the process of both granting and receiving forgiveness as I believe both sides of this spectrum are equally valuable. Within the context of my current career in a correctional setting, I would be working with inmates who most likely struggle with this very thing, and for some of them, this is one of the reasons that led them down the road that got them locked up to begin with. I plan to conduct further research that focuses more on the physical, psychological, and relational benefits of forgiveness in order to support my viewpoint on the topic to my perspective clients because I cannot openly share my faith, I would not be able to share the biblical truths on forgiveness in my workplace. Constructing a tiered approach to forgiveness would allow both my client and me to have tangible steps to guide us through the journey of forgiveness and would also allow us to stay focused on one step at a time. In a group setting it would be beneficial to have multiple seminars throughout the year on the topic of forgiveness so that other leaders both in counseling and in the church could be educated on the importance of promoting consistent forgiveness education in their ministries and careers. This could also be in the form of a retreat or conference of sorts where multiple lay persons and leaders in my region could attend which would include a guest speaker, and break-out sessions on the importance of and how to implement and practice forgiveness and forgiveness education.

Operations Management at Kudler Foods

Operations Management at Kudler Foods Free Online Research Papers Operations management is the process used by an organization to obtain materials, the process of transforming the product, and the process of providing the final product to the end user. Operations management consists of three stages: acquiring inputs, controlling the conversion process and delving the product to the user (Gomez, Meija Balkin 2002). At Kudler Fine Foods (Kudler) this translates to purchasing products, preparing them for sale and selling to the customer (Apollo 2008). Kudler Fine Foods (Kudler) has experienced significant growth since its inception five years ago and is now focusing on expanding services while improving the efficiency of its operations. Kudler has made the decision to contract with local growers of organic produce to improve the efficiency of its operation while expanding its services. This paper will identify the business processes at Kudler that could be affected by this decision and will explain how they would be affected. This paper will also describe the affect of this decision on Kudler’s supply chain. Finally, this paper will describe the quality control tools and performance standards that Kudler would need to put in place to ensure the effectiveness of its operations (Apollo 2008). Business Processes Business processes refer to the various systems employed by a business to make it run efficiently (Eduka 2008). For example, the way an organization manages its purchasing, inventory control, quality management and operations systems, are all part of the business processes (Chase, Jacobs Aquilano, 2005). Contracting with local organic growers will most likely have a significant impact on the purchasing and inventory processes at Kudler. Purchasing Currently purchasing practices at Kudler are not efficient. Each of the three store managers are responsible for determining items to sell as well as negotiating individually with suppliers for the best price, quality and delivery possible. In a report prepared by the University of Nebraska addressing the feasibility of working with local growers, it was determined that one of the best indicators of success with a local grower is developing a relationship with the grower (2003). Kathy Kudler is the best person to build that relationship and will need meet with the growers, personally, to negotiate the best prices for the produce as well as to determine the most efficient ordering procedures and delivery schedule to maximize efficiency. Kudler’s store managers are encouraged to work together to place orders, however, without a formal process in place, most purchasing decisions are made separately (Apollo 2008). Kudler’s finance and accounting department has developed purchasing and receiving procedures, but the procedures are not being used by the individual stores. Prepared purchase orders are mailed, handed to the suppliers, faxed or sent via e-mail. These purchase orders become the key to tracking orders and serve as the basis for payment to the suppliers. The purchase order system will need to be refined and standardized for all growers.The current networking capabilities and available inventory reports will need to be used to determine the demand at each store as well as to track inventory. This will require additional support from the purchasing staff at corporate (Apollo 2008). Purchasing organic produce from local growers will require better planning and processes to eliminate waste and bottlenecks. In order to realize a cost savings through bulk ordering, the process flowcharting will need to be revamped in order to consider the combined ordering of organic produce and inventory controls for all stores (Chase, Jacobs Aquilano 2005). Kudler may benefit from conducting a benchmarking study to determine the best practices for purchasing using the practices from a firm such as Whole Foods, just as they are benchmarking Nordstrom’s for best practices in customer service (Apollo, 2005). Inventory Control The individual stores at Kudler, are responsible to receive and verify all shipments to determine if the correct items and quantities were received and in what condition. Received items are documented on a form and sent to accounting to reconcile and pay the supplies. The department managers determine the items to stock as well as the number of them to order, based on data provided from prior sales. Inventory control at Kudler is a challenge because there must be enough product to satisfy the customer needs without having excess inventory wasted through spoilage while tying up valuable resources. Due to the nature of organic produce being generally seasonal, the best way to monitor the inventory would be through updating technology at all levels Kudler to generate inventory and purchase reports. This will allow those responsible for purchasing to adjust purchases in response to the inventory on hand and current demand. The reports generated will increase the accuracy of the forecasting future inventory needs and trends for each of the stores instead of relying on historical data as they do now (Apollo 2008). This will also reduce waste caused by overstocking, since organic produce has such a short shelf life. Operations Systems Kudler’s operations system consists of outdated hardware and software, using Windows 97 with bubble jet printers at the stores as well as a 56k modem to connect to the network. The POS cash register information is transmitted via the network on a daily basis through uploads at the store and downloads at corporate. In a special report written by Liz Parks and published by Supermarket News (Parks 2005), independent grocers were encouraged to invest in technology as a way of streamlining operating costs. Chase, Jacobs Aquilano (2005) discuss the benefits of using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) computer software to manage business operations with a single integrated set of corporate data. Having an ERP in place allows an organization to streamline processes through the reduction of time needed to process supplier payments or process customer orders. Kudler would be able to use an ERP to forecast future needs to assist with accurate purchasing, track vendor and retail pricing as well as other financial information. The ERP would allow Kudler to track the sales performance of new items that are introduced to determine if they are products that they want to bring into inventory. The investment in new technology is highly recommended. New technology may be an option for Kudler, however, cost of the purchase, installation and training would be a major factor which would influence the decision as opposed to upgrading current systems. Supply Chain According to Chase, Jacobs Aquilano (2005) supply chain management is applying a total systems approach in order to manage the flow of the materials (such as organic produce) from the suppliers (local growers) through receiving, to the end user (the customer). Kudler’s decision to use local organic farmers for their produce can have a negative impact on its supply chain. Due to the nature of organic produce being seasonal, optimizing ordering techniques of the produce would benefit the company. Fullscope discusses the unique problems faced with the supply chain of organics in a white paper published in 2007. One of the biggest factors to consider in the supply chain is that of time. When dealing with organics, companies can not use traditional â€Å"order due date† as the driver for their business processes, due to the short shelf life of the organics. Additionally, communication is crucial to the success. Growers will need to communicate shortfalls and Kudler will nee d to be prepared to have alternative sources to keep its inventory at desired levels. Quality Management Current quality control measures at Kudler are subjective and left up to each individual store manager to determine the quality of the product that is received. Quality Control Tools and Performance Standards Quality control measures are crucial to the success of any organization. Four basic methods of managing quality exist: total quality management, kaizen, just-in-time, and process reengineering. â€Å"Total quality management (TQM) is based on the belief that all of an organization’s activities need to be focused on improving its product† (Gomez-Meija Balkin, 2002 p 13). TQM affects management, employees, customers, suppliers and the production process. Kudler’s overall products will not be affected by the decision to purchase produce locally and therefore, TQM is not needed. Kaizen is the process of continuous improvement in the production system using small, incremental improvement in the production process (Gomez-Meija Balkin, 2002). Kudler may want to integrate Kaizen theory when analyzing the suppliers to use as well as when developing new flow charts, in order to eliminate wasted employee activities caused by duplication and redundancies. Just-in-Time-Systems is based upon the concept that the product (organic produce) is available to the customers when they need it, not before. Drawbacks are that it does not allow any buffer and may defeat the goal of having inventory on hand for customers (Gomez-Meija Balkin, 2002). This would not fit the customer service levels that have been set by Kudler and would result in having low stock or no stock more frequently, which could result in lost sales. Process re-engineering is a method of changing the entire production process rather than making incremental changes. All processes of the organization are viewed as a complete process and would involve changing all processes at once. It focuses on the process and not on the individual activities with a goal to reduce waste and improve profitability (Gomez-Meija Balkin, 2002). This method seems to be the best fit to make such a major change and purchase organic produce from local growers. It will involve changing all processes at Kudler from negotiating with the growers all the way through the sale to the end user. Kudler will need to implement quality controls for the organic produce purchased from local growers to ensure that purchases are as defect free as possible. Conclusion In the plan to contract with local growers of organic produce, Kudler will need to take careful steps to ensure the success of this new initiative. Implementing and creating new processes which will stream line operations while keeping down costs, will have many benefits for Kudler. These benefits include improving purchasing procedures, inventory and quality management control, upgrading the existing operating system while maintaining the supply chain. By addressing organizational changes that can be applied to the make the transition smooth, the company will be able to incorporate local organic growers as their suppliers. In doing so, Kudler will be successful in achieving its goals to expand services to its customers and to realize continued growth. References Apollo Group, Inc. (2008). Kudler Fine Foods. Retrieved January 9, 2008. MMPBL/502- Managing the Business Enterprise. https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOPL/Business/Kudler/Kudlerho me002.htm. Chase, Jacobs Aquilano (2005). Operations Management for Competitive Advantage. 11th Edition. [University of Phoenix Custom e-text]. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Retrieved December 3, 2007, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, MMBPL/502- Managing the Business Enterprise. Fullscope (2007) Organic Supply Chain Management. A White Paper. Retrieved from website: fullscope.com/mktg/organic_supply_chain_management_white_paper.pdf?PHPSESSID=c8744999b814c5dcf37fc67c73d23878 Gomez-Mejia, L. Balkin, D. (2002). Management, 1e. [University of Phoenix Custom e-text]. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Retrieved December 3, 2007, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, MMBPL/502- Managing the Business Enterprise. Parks, L. (2005) Technology Difference. Supermarket News 1/17/2005, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p38. Eduka Solutions (2008) Retrieved on January 9, 2008, from Website: eduka.com/News/Glossary-of-Terms.aspx Research Papers on Operations Management at Kudler FoodsThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export QuotasResearch Process Part OneNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

logic - definition and observations

logic - definition and observations Definition: The study of the principles of reasoning. Logic (or dialectic) was one of the arts in the medieval trivium. Over the course of the 20th century, notes A.D. Irvine, the study of logic has benefited, not only from advances in traditional fields such as philosophy and mathematics, but also from advances in other fields as diverse as computer science and economics (Philosophy of Science, Logic and Mathematics in the Twentieth Century, 2003) See also: ArgumentDeduction Enthymeme and Syllogism FallacyInductionInferenceInformal LogicLogical ProofLogosRenaissance Rhetoric Etymology: Observations: But of all the arts the first and most general is logic, next grammar, and finally rhetoric, since there can be much use of reason without speech, but no use of speech without reason. We gave the second place to grammar because correct speech can be unadorned; but it can hardly be adorned before it is correct.(John Milton, The Art of Logic, 1672)Logic is the armory of reason, furnished with all defensive and offensive weapons. There are syllogisms, long swords; enthymemes, short daggers; dilemmas, two-edged swords that cut on both sides; sorites, chain-shot.(Thomas Fuller, The General Artist, 1661) Logic and RhetoricA good deal of everyday talk, even gossip, is intended to influence the beliefs and actions of others and thus constitutes a kind of argument. . . . [A]dvertisements often just provide product information rather than advance explicit arguments, yet clearly every such ad has an implied conclusionthat you should buy the advertised product.Nevertheless, it is important to un derstand the difference between rhetoric that is primarily expository and discourse that is basically argumentative. An argument makes the claim, explicit or implicit, that one of its statements follows from some of its other statements. It at least implies that acceptance of its conclusion is justified if one accepts its premises. A passage that is purely expository gives us no reason to accept any facts it may contain (other than the implied authority of the writer or speaker, as, for example, when a friend tells us that she had a good time at the beach).(Howard Kahane and Nancy Cavender, Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric: The Use of Reason in Everyday Life, 10th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2006) Formal Logic and Informal LogicSome logicians study only formal logic; that is, they work only with abstract models that have purely logical substance and content. . . .Relating the abstract systems of formal logic to real statements and arguments is not part of formal logic itself; it requires the consideration of many issues and factors beyond the basic logical forms of the statements and arguments. The study of the factors other than logical form relevant to the analysis and evaluation of statements and arguments of the kind that occur in everyday situations is known as informal logic. This study includes considerations of such things as: identification and clarification of vague or ambiguous statements; identification of unstated assumptions, presuppositions or biases and making them explicit; recognition of frequently used but highly questionable premises; and assessment of the strength of analogies between more or less similar cases.(Robert Baum, Logic, 4th edition, Harcourt B race, 1996) Pronunciation: LOJ-ik

Philosophy argumentive paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy argumentive paper - Essay Example The Romans and Babylonians are also some of the ancient societies, which embraced death penalty as an unforgiving way of administrating justice in the society, as early as 1760 BC (Horne 11). However, the growth of democracy and human rights in the contemporary society has led to the challenging of death penalty as a tool for administrating justice. This paper is a critical evaluation of capital punishment as an effective way of apprehending criminals in an effort to reduce occurrence and reoccurrence of capital offenses. Capital punishment is the most effective way of punishing capital offenses. To begin with, it is important to note that the aim of punishing crimes is to protect the society from perpetrators and also to ensure that victims are facilitated with consolation and retribution, necessary in assisting them to move on with their lives (Hugo & Casey 37). Murderers, for example, deserve an equal punishment owing to the fact that locking them in prison may not help to compensate the pain their victims go through, not withstanding the fact that there are possibilities of such criminals finding their way out, through parole, before their prison terms are over. This may be hurting for the victim’s family and friends, who would have to tolerate watching such a criminal walk in freedom whereas their own is already dead. In addition, this would subject witnesses in the case to unnecessary fear that the criminal may attack them as a way of avenging himself for the time he has spent in prison as a result of their testimony. Imprisonment of convicted criminals does not always guarantee successful rehabilitation and therefore, there is always a high possibility of reoffending. As opposed to incarceration of criminals, capital punishment ensures that criminals are removed permanently from the society, thus making it difficult for them to engage in crime. Numerous cases of murder have

Discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion questions - Essay Example Given the economic conditions today, I would suggest an expansionary fiscal policy. This is because money in circulation in the market is less, which has discouraged spending, and thus the businesses are performing poorly. An expansionary fiscal policy increases flow of money in the economy, which favours factors of production. This helps increase production, which in turn increases the demand for labour. The rate of unemployment goes down as more people get job opportunities in the job market. The government faces a budget deficit when there is more government spending than the collected revenue. The government should therefore raise taxes, reduce government spending, and sell government bonds and treasury bills as a measure to correct the deficit. Riley claims, â€Å"Higher government borrowings today mean that taxes will have to rise in the future† (Riley web). However, this will reduce the disposable income hence constraining the economy more than expand it. The government should decrease spending as a way of correcting a deficit budget if it seeks for a long-term

The Theories of Albert Bandura Essay -- Behaviorism Behavioral Psychol

The Theories of Albert Bandura Albert Bandura was influenced by behaviorism while at the University of Iowa studying for his PhD in the early 1950s, he developed his own theories called reciprocal determinism, he believed that not only does the environment influence behavior, but behavior influences the environment, or to put it in his own words ’the world and a persons behavior cause each other‘. Bandura is often considered a ‘father’ of the cognitive movement, he looked at personality as three things that interact, the environment, behaviour and the person’s psychological processes. The psychological processes consisted of language and the ability to use our minds imagery. It was really at this stage in his life that he moved from being a behaviourist and became a cognitivist. Bandura carried out hundreds of studies but the ones that stand out more to me than any others, are the Bobo doll (a inflatable doll of Bobo the clown, with a weight in the bottom so it will stand back up when you hit it) studies. (Bandura Ross and Ross 1961) Bandura made a film of one of his female students being aggressive in actions and words towards a Bobo doll. This film was then shown to kindergarten children, who were then left to play with a Bobo doll, a lot of the children proceeded to imitate the aggressive behaviour towards the Bobo doll, they had witnessed the student carrying out. To counter criticisms that the children are just doing what comes naturally, as Bobo dolls were designed to be hit, he made another film of the woman beating up a real clown, when this was shown to children and then they were left in a room with a live... ...rcial and buy that particular product. Bandura’ s Social Learning Theory also has an important role in the study of aggression and criminal behaviour. To control aggression, he believed ‘family members and the mass media should provide positive role models for their children and the general public’ (Bandura, 1976). This statement is what influenced me to read about social learning theory, and Bandura in particular. Bibliography Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggressions through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582 Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press. Bandura, A., & Ribes-Inesta, Emilio. (1976). Analysis of Delinquency and Aggression. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, INC: New Jersey

Analysis of Nextcard.Inc

Nectar, Inc. Jeremy Lent lunched a company named Nectar. Inc. Aims to earn money by helping people get credit card more conveniently. But there is two huge flaws in this strategy, first, the way nectar to obtain new customers proved to be much higher than the figure Lent had originally projected. Second, the people who signed up for the Neckband credit card proved to be much higher credit risk than Lent had expected. So, the result is big bad debts. But the company officials still Insist that theIncreasing allowance for bad debts Is caused by hackers and other Internet miscreants. Then in late 2001, they got a large class-action lawsuit by the angry Investors. While the real big problem Is what the audit partner Thomas Trigger did. In order to make the workspaces appear as If the addling teams had been ‘right on the mark' all along, he modifying the workspaces and scour the evidences. Instead of scour the evidence, Trigger's subordinate gave It to federal authoresses. I think t he audit Issue we should concern about Is the destroying of documents.As It Is said In the paragraph, the financial markets depend on the integrity of auditors, lawyers and other professionals to do their jobs ethically and fairly. If they fail to do so, the damage is huge, and the mistake is unforgivable. But I didn't appreciate what Outrages subordinate did. He should at least persuade his superior not to do this. He pretend to be obey the boss's order while do another thing behind wisher's back is kind of betraying. On the other side, Trigger is incompetent to be a good mentor. He didn't teach his subordinate to be honest auditor.Whether the auditor should evaluate the soundness of a client's business model is depends on the position of the auditor. If the clients asked about the suggestions, they can give some advices. If they are not been asked to do, I think the business model is out of an auditor's obligations. Analysis of Nectar. Len By redeemed So, the result is big bad deb ts. But the company's officials still insist that the increasing allowance for bad debts is caused by hackers and other Internet investors. While the real big problem is what the audit partner Thomas Trigger did.In order to make the workspaces appear as if the auditing teams had been ‘right on the mark all along, he modifying the workspaces and scour the evidences. Instead of scour the evidence, Trigger's subordinate gave it to federal authorities. I think the audit issue we should concern about is the destroying of documents. As it is said in other professionals to do their Jobs ethically and fairly. If they fail to do so, the Trigger's subordinate did. He should at least persuade his superior not to do this. He didn't teach his subordinate to be honest auditor. Whether the auditor should

Viktor Frankl and his Theory of Logotherapy Essay

In September of 1942, Viktor Frankl was arrested in Vienna and taken to one of the many Nazi death camps. Frankl was working on a manuscript which was confiscated from him in a move to Auschwitz. In this manuscript entitled, The Doctor and the Soul, Frankl had began his work on a theory he would later call logotherapy. The term logotherapy is derived from the Greek word logos, which means meaning. According to logotherapy, the striving to find a meaning in one’s life is the primary motivational force in man (Frankl 121). Frankl’s theory and therapy generated and grew through his experiences in the concentration camps. While being held prisoner in the death camps, Frankl began to observe his fellow inmates. He payed close attention to†¦show more content†¦Frankl had compared himself to two other Viennese psychiatrists, Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler. In saying that Freud suggested a will to pleasure while Adler suggested a will to power. Logotherapy on the other hand is a will to meaning. This indicating that when a person cannot realize his or her â€Å"Will to Meaning† in their lives they will experience an abysmal sensation of meaninglessness and emptiness (Frankl Institute). This focuses on the meaning of human existence as well as the search for that meaning. According to logotherapy we can discover the meaning of life in three different ways: by creating a work or doing a deed, by experiencing something or encountering someone, and by the attitude we take toward unavoidable suffering (Frankl 133). The meaning of love is a core factor in logotherapy. Every human posses the potential to achieve greatness and unless someone loves that person these potentials will not be fulfilled. By being or feeling loved, people become more aware of what they are capable of through the encouragement of the lover. No one can be fully aware of the very essence of another human being unless he loves him (Frankl 134). An additional way to find mean ing in life is through irreversible suffering. When someone no longer has the power to change their situation, that person now has the opportunity to choose their attitudes about thatShow MoreRelatedJoseph Frankl s Man s Search For Meaning1348 Words   |  6 Pagesthe section in Chapter One that spoke of Viktor Frankl and his horrific imprisonment in the ghastly concentration camp. Frankl said â€Å"Man’s search for meaning is the primary motivation in his life. This meaning is unique and specific in that it must and can be fulfilled by him alone; only then does it achieve a significance which will satisfy his own will to meaning.† In that phrase I was curious to find out more about this man and how he put his theory to the ultimate test in the worst of humanRead MoreViktor Frankl And The Holocaust1517 Words   |  7 PagesViktor Frankl, renowned psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor, often quoted Nietzsche saying, â€Å"He who has a ‘why’ to live for c an bear almost any ‘how’†. Viktor Frankl, known for his development of logotherapy, a form of therapy that teaches individuals to live a life of meaning, put this saying to use when he experienced unspeakable atrocities during the holocaust. Given his medical and psychological history, Frankl was able to withstand Nazi concentration camps and not give into the hopelessnessRead MoreJoseph Frankl s Man s Search For Meaning1679 Words   |  7 PagesPsychiatrist and author, Viktor E. 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The book and Frankl’s ideasRead MoreHuman Nature By Viktor Frankl1035 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Viktor Frankl, the most fascinating aspect of human nature is the use of spiritualism and how it manifests into the desire to discover the meaning of one’s existence. This frustration for meaning results in, what Frankl calls, â€Å"noogenic† neurosis, which is the spirit to find meaning. It causes anxiety at a spiritual human level to experience meaninglessness. In his own therapeutic theory, he creates a system that he calls â€Å"logotherapy†, which points to the unconscious seeking the â€Å"will

The Impact Of Science Fiction in Our Life...

The Impact Of Science Fiction Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five brilliantly illustrates how being in combat traumatically affects soldiers in time of war. Indeed, the author uses science fiction and the creative use of time travel as a mold to bring about his true feelings towards war, thus making Slaughterhouse-Five a quintessential anti-war book. Vonnegut’s usage of science fiction creates an outlet to the planet of Tralfamadore where Billy is able to escape his mental damage from war. The author, Kurt Vonnegut, saw much battle in his days of combat. He begins, not as Billy Pilgrim, but as Kurt Vonnegut, explaining his personal war experiences. He writes in first person to give the reader a primary source of what it was like to be†¦show more content†¦The famous line, â€Å"Billy Pilgrim has come unstuck in time† (Vonnegut 23), explains how Billy is not stuck in the same day as the rest of the world, rather he was traveling back in time to the war. Escaping into the science fiction world was the best way for Vonnegut to express himself. This brought joy to Kurt Vonnegut as he realized he was able to get his story of war at Dresden out. It is explained that, â€Å"he can talk about why he was writing this book and the difficulties involved† (MacFarlane), it was the only way to get his feelings down on paper without reliving his horrific memories. He used this creative writing style to leave, â€Å"the delusion or escape fantasy of a cha racter who is unable to live with the reality...(Bà ©nyei). Therefore, Vonnegut geniusly created the alter ego of Billy Pilgrim, and the fictional planet of Tralfamadore. Due to the fact that Billy Pilgrim is essentially Kurt Vonnegut, it is indicated that Billy faces much depression and misery. Since depression and misery are very pessimistic traits, Billy goes into the fantasy world. He escapes to the planet of Tralfamadore. After the war â€Å"when he was abducted by the Tralfamadorians...† (Vonnegut 75) Billy became unchained, escaping from the generic world around him. At that point in time Billy starts to see life in a very offbeat way. Instead of having recurring thoughts of war, â€Å"Billy finds meaning and importance in some aspects of life†Show MoreRelatedEssay on Coping Mechanisms in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five1679 Words   |  7 Pagesmourn, some speak up, and some avoid the sorrow. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut suggests the danger and inhumanity of turning away from the discomfort by introducing Billy Pilgrim as someone who is badly affected by the aftermath of the Dresden bombing, and the Tral famadorians as the aliens who provide an easy solution to Billy. It is simpler to avoid something as tragic as death, but Vonnegut stresses the importance of confronting it. Vonnegut, like many artists, expresses his ideas through hisRead MoreVonnegut : An Outlook On Fate1477 Words   |  6 PagesCarroll English IV AP 10/26/15 Vonnegut: An Outlook on Fate In Kurt Vonnegut’s classic fiction novel, Slaughterhouse Five, we experience the horrors of war through the eyes of fictional character Billy Pilgrim, and their effect on him. Pilgrim, who was a POW in Dresden during the firebombing, is obviously impacted by the war, like many others who experience combat. By channelling his own experiences into Billy Pilgrim, Vonnegut explores his belief in the inevitability of our fate, and the effects of warRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five By Kurt Vonnegut871 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut is an American classic that centers on the life of Billy Pilgrim. There are three key phases in Billy’s life that Vonnegut focuses on: before World War II, during World War II, and after World War II. The main reason for Vonnegut to write this novel is not to show how war is evil, but to show how war influences the lives of the soldiers who have engaged in battle. In this essay, it will show how Kurt Vonnegut u ses the life of Billy to represent theRead MoreWar Destruction on Combatents in Kurt Vonnegut ´s Slaughterhouse- Five1776 Words   |  7 Pagescan follow intense fighting. Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five explores the harmful effects of isolation, imprisonment, and oppression through a soldier’s perspective. Sections of Vonnegut’s novel take place during World War II: the bloodiest war ever fought. The story follows Billy Pilgrim, a young man who is forced to fight overseas despite the rough conditions he will face. Billy joins his regiment as â€Å"it [is] in the process of being destroyed by Germans† (Vonnegut 40), and Vonnegut’s description

Syrian Civil War The Arab Springs - 1286 Words

Comparable to past catastrophic events throughout world history, Syria’s civil war began as a chain of significant circumstances which lead to eventual turmoil. Although the Arab Springs, a series of uprisings against dictators in northern Africa and southwest Asia, was the primary basis for the Syrian civil war, climate change induced drought was undoubtedly the inception that provoked the Arab Spring in Syria. Water is essential to human life aiding in agriculture production and livestock care as well as basic human nourishment. Without this life supporting element, rural people flooded to the cities in droves seeking their basic human needs. Along with millions of rural Syrians, Iraq refugees were also flocking to the Syrian cities for comfort and aid. With overcrowded cities, minimal resources, few jobs, and an oppressive government, Syria was doomed for rebellion and civil war, especially considering rebellions in neighboring countries was so successful. Peaceful protests for basic human needs and equal rights were met with aggressive opposition by government militants, which fueled more protests and more deaths. Ultimately, the record drought of 2006-2011 eventually caused the Arab Spring which lead to the Syrian civil war. The Land of Syria Snug within the Fertile Crescent, Syria lies in the Middle East region within the southwest Asian realm and is encircled by Turkey to the north, Iraq to the southeast, and Jordan on the southern border, while Lebanon and theShow MoreRelatedThe Syrian Civil War Was Influenced By The Arab Spring2795 Words   |  12 PagesThe Syrian Civil war is now entering its third dreadful year as the death toll continues to rise and is now over 200,000. The Civil War was influenced by the Arab Spring which was a wave of revolutionary ideals and movements that swept through the Middle East. 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Wal-Mart Ethics Case Free Essays

Wal-Mart is the largest grocery chain in the world, second largest company on Fortune’s 500 2012 list, and the largest employer in North America. Wal-Mart is faced with many dilemmas and issues that can be expected of such a large and imposing organization. These problems include environmental issues, employee’s issues, leadership issues, supplier issues and creating an uncompetitive market. We will write a custom essay sample on Wal-Mart Ethics Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is not an exhaustive list, and Wal-Mart has other dilemmas as well, but this paper will concentrate on the issues involving Wal-Mart interaction with employees and the problems Wal-Mart faces with them. Wal-Mart employees’ relations have been a dilemma for various reasons. One reason is that Wal-Mart has been criticized for not paying a decent wage or providing enough benefits. Another issue that Wal-Mart has with employee relations is Wal-Mart’s stance as not allowing any unions in Wal-Mart stores. Wal-Mart has also faced problems with discrimination and the allowed hiring of illegal immigrants. All of these are a dilemma for Wal-Mart because it is such a large employer and is well respected by other employers. This puts Wal-Mart in a corporate leadership position and the way in which Wal-Mart handles situations with employees is viewed by other corporations as potential solutions to their employee problems. This is also dilemma for Wal-Mart because it is such a large employer and its decisions affect a great number of people. Wal-Mart employs over 1. 4 million people in the United States alone, encompassing 1% of the U. S. work force. At the same time Wal-Mart wants to remain the low-cost leader in the grocery and box stores market. The conflicting forces that Wal-Mart must try to balance are maintaining their leadership aspect while maintaining healthy relationships with employees and customers. There are many stakeholders involved in this dilemma. These stakeholders include Wal-Mart’s employees, Wal-Mart customers, Wal-Mart’s competitors, and the unions. All of these stakeholders have the ability to influence decision concerning employee welfare, within the organization, as well as being influenced by those decisions. The first stakeholder mentioned is the employees for Wal-Mart. Employees are considered supportive stakeholder for the most part, although they can also be considered mixed. This stakeholder is important because Wal-Mart employees so many people, but it is also important because Wal-Mart wishes to stay competitive in the market place. One way to stay competitive is by recruiting good and hardworking employees who are invested and engaged in their work. Otherwise the employee retention will be low, and the work performed will be substandard. This stakeholder is important also because Wal-Mart’s reputation and commitment to low prices. One way to maintain low prices is by maintaining costs that permit these low prices. One way to keep costs down is to keep wages down and provide lower costing benefits. At the same time, one significant way to retain employees and ensure they are invested in their work environment is by paying them fair wages and providing essential benefits. Wal-Mart employees are also an important stakeholder because Wal-Mart has developed a reputation as being discriminatory in their hiring practices and use of illegal workers. This is important for Wal-Mart, because once again a negative reputation can make it hard to recruit and retain workers. It is also important because a negative reputation can spur litigation and lawsuits that can be initially somewhat costly and end up becoming a burdensome expense, as out of court settlements tend to large. These legal proceedings also garner new headlines and the negative publicity can negatively affect sales, and recruiting efforts. The publication of these problems can also embolden the unions who want to break into and unionize Wal-Mart’s employees. The problem with illegal aliens being used in the work force is a dilemma not only because Wal-Mart can face the cost of fines for breaking the law, but also because Wal-Mart already has a reputation as being bad for the American worker. It has been shown that Wal-Mart is the reason that some companies that supply Wal-Mart with goods, have moved their manufacturing overseas to keep labor and production costs down, and to be better able to maintain their supplier relationship with Wal-Mart. This has caused the loss of jobs in the United States, with the perception that Wal-Mart has no concern about the American worker. Wal-Mart using illegal workers could be perceive as Wal-Mart being only concerned about saving money, and once again denying American workers from jobs. This is also looked on negatively in the current political environment where illegal workers are such a hot topic and unemployment is high. Another stakeholder in these situations is the Wal-Mart customer. The Wal-Mart customer is considered supportive, and Wal-Mart tries to keep it this way. The customer is an important stakeholder because essentially they are the reason that Wal-Mart exists. Wal-Mart basically provides the facility of easing customer access to goods and services. Customers have a choice in this very competitive market environment and can find the same goods and services elsewhere, as Wal-Mart offers few exclusives on either of these. Wal-Mart does provide a presumed lower cost marketplace, and will match cost of competitors which is viewed as desirable traits from consumers. Still consumers will not continue to patronize organizations they feel are mistreating their employees and are using discriminatory practices in hiring and advancement. Wal-Mart has to maintain a reputation as being a good employer that has genuine concern about it employees and that is also dedicated in being fair in its labor practices. Otherwise customers will go elsewhere for their goods and services, even if they pay a little more. Consumers will no longer support companies that they feel are lacking in proper ethics, because the consumer feels that it will only be a matter of time before the company manages to treat them unfairly. Current consumers are especially proficient at the decision between saving money with one company, and supporting a more sustainable company even if it means spending more. This proficiency comes from facing this decision on a daily basis, and the ease of accessing information. So far, even with some well publicized discriminatory cases, Wal-Mart has been able to retain a strong customer base. Consumers will tend to give companies some benefit of a doubt, especially when it comes to saving money, but this cannot be viewed as a reason to willfully negligent in employee hiring practices. After all, a consumer boycott is only one corporate scandal away. Therefore, the customers can be considered the most important stakeholder, because without them Wal-Mart would cease operations. Another stakeholder involved in this case are Wal-Mart’s competitors, like Target, Kmart, Home Depot, etc. , who look at Wal-Mart as a leader in their market. Wal-Mart competitors are neutral because they are more concerned with their own operations than with Wal-Mart’s operations. The decisions that Wal-Mart makes concerning their employees are seen as opportunities to exploit or as problems. These decisions could be opportunities because decisions made in a positive light could be reviewed and possibly adopted by the competition. Whereas decisions made that reflect Wal-Mart negatively can be criticized by the competition and as a recruiting tool. Wal-Mart decisions with employees can also be problematic to competition because their decisions can force unwanted changes into the competitor’s organization. For example, if Wal-Mart changed ts viewpoint about unions it could have great impact throughout the box chain world giving unions leverage to be able to break into other store brands. The final stakeholders in Wal-Mart’s employee welfare situation are unions. Unions are considered an unsupportive stakeholder. The unions have a stake in this situation because their existence is based on membership, their fees, and continued support. Wal-Mart is v ery opposed to ever accepting a union in their work environment. Wal-Mart feels that it treats it employees fairly enough and a union would only complicate things. Unions see Wal-Mart as the great mountain to climb, and getting Wal-Mart workers to unionize would give the unions a large base of employees to their membership ranks, and leverage through the retail industry. Unionizing Wal-Mart would not necessary be all positive, as the unions would now be presented with a relationship with large market and an adversarial attitude towards them. The relationship between these stakeholders can be contentious. Consumers want to support organizations that treat workers fairly, but public support for unions is rather low (2010 Pew Poll places it at 41%). Wal-Mart also does not view unions favorably. The relationship between Wal-Mart and employees can be difficult at times also, but the relationship is mostly mutually beneficial for the majority of employees. The stakeholder with the most power is the customers because they still hold purchasing power over Wal-Mart. Customers could easily find other places to go to and buy goods, and therefore customers hold the most leverage over Wal-Mart. The stakeholder with the most to win would be the unions, because breaking the Wal-Mart wall would greatly heighten the power of the unions. The stakeholders with the greatest potential to lose are the employees because at this time and point Wal-Mart has the leverage of possible employment during such tough economic times. Employees may actually lose out on potential wage and benefit gains because of the economic downturn, and Wal-Mart has jobs and is one of the few companies with expansion plans in these times. To improve the situation with the employees and the public perception of Wal-Mart, the organization could attempt two corrective measures. The first proposal would be for Wal-Mart to start an employee appreciation and welfare camps in their stores. This would be through employee only contests or having a shopping day where employees get extra markdowns. This would make Wal-Mart a more popular place to work at, and could be considered a cheaper alternative to raising wages and improved benefits. Some employees might see these as cheap ploys to improve employee morale, but it could be quite popular. Another corrective measure would be a public relations campaign in which Wal-Mart explains to the public the benefits of working at Wal-Mart. This P. R. campaign would show Wal-Mart as an employer of choice, that people enjoy working for the company, and that Wal-Mart is a great place to work at. This campaign could help sway the public in favor of Wal-Mart and also convey the message that Wal-Mart doesn’t need unions and employee unrest is unfounded. The campaign could also show employees of differing backgrounds, gender, ages, ethnicities, capabilities and colors, thus displaying that Wal-Mart employs all types of people. My recommendation would be to go with the public relations campaign. This could prove to be the most beneficial, because the customers are the most important stakeholders in this situation. Also good public relations could help the bottom line of the company, but also make employees feel good about working there. It would keep the union at bay, and keep competitors on their toes because they would now have to compete with a Wal-Mart that people actually liked. Bibliography Blodget, Henry. â€Å"Wal-Mart Employs 1% of America. Should it be Forced to Pay it Employees More. † BusinessInsider. om. Business Insider, Inc. 10 Sep 2010. Web. Accessed 24 Nov 2012. http://articles. businessinsider. com/2010-09-20/news/30081785_1_minimum-wage-real-wages-employees Ferrell, O. C. et al. â€Å"Wal-Mart: The Future of Sustainability. † Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Carnegie Learning. South-Western:Mason, OH. 9th ed. 2011. Surowicki, James. â€Å"State of the Unions. † New Yorker. Conde Nast. 17 Jan 2011. Web. Acessed 26 Nov 2012. http://www. newyorker. com/talk/financial/2011/01/17/110117ta_talk_surowiecki How to cite Wal-Mart Ethics Case, Essay examples

Employee Selection and Training free essay sample

Industrial and Organizational psychologist are able to walk into most any corporation and identify problem areas. The specialty skills that the industrial and organizational psychologist possesses are able to better equip the corporations to reduce employee turnover and improve the workplace. Having the ability to survey the employees and find weak spots allows the industrial and organizational psychologist to determine the best measures to improve the company from the inside out. Using surveys on current and potential employees as well as assessments can cause the company to find weak employees and strong leaders that might have been previously overlooked. Industrial and organizational psychologist can improve the potential employee selection process, train employees properly all while abiding by the law. Selecting and training employees The role of industrial and organizational psychology is one of the most important areas in the field of psychology and it entails research and analysis in the areas of hiring employees. I/O’s duties can range from conducting evaluations, analysis, and training, hiring, and consulting. Three examples of how industrial and organizational psychologists are an asset to a company are seen in positions like consultants, human resources specialist, and employee assessors and evaluators (Cascio, 1995). All these examples have one thing in common: they all work closely on selecting and training employees, and ensuring the best match for the position needed. Consulting IO’s, are hired by management to offer the best plan for success. These consultants are hired to design the best strategies for the business to work as a whole. Consultants offer strategic planning to achieve companies’ goals as well as employee’s goals. Through performance, selection, and intervention, they consult to the employer of what changes need to be done (Cascio, 1995). Their job is designed to offer the best possible advice to both parties with the goal of having a full functioning and effective business. They provide the best guidance and direction on how to work in an efficient and positive atmosphere. The next example would be human resources specialist, which would be running all aspects of the hiring process. This would include advertising, application process, interviewing, and training. They would assist management in taking care of all the angles needed to find personnel. They would normally advise management on which candidates they should consider interviewing. Human resources specialists would take care of checking references, background, education, and all aspects of the application process. They would take care of the training sessions through meetings, orientations, and any other process of that nature (Cascio, 1995). The next example: assessors and evaluators would be what would follow the human resources process. These evaluators would review all the information collected by human resources specialist, and all the candidates that have been selected, would be scheduled for a more in depth interview. These evaluators would conduct surveys, skills tests, personality tests, questionnaires, and many more evaluation methods. Their job is to screen the applicants that have been selected to see if they are indeed a perfect match for the job. Evaluators and assessor use scientific selection methods when conducting job analysis. Through statistical and correlation data, they evaluate all intellectual, psychological, physical and emotional aspects of the candidate before the hiring process is done (Cascio, 1995). Legal Issues An organization must have a training program to establish a standard operation uideline that must be followed. During this training the organization must ensure the material and presentation is not legally or ethically controversial in any manner. The training provided must be unbiased and sensitive to race, age, national origin, sex and religion. If an individual feel any sort of discrimination during training, the organization can be subject to legal action. The tr aining provided must not display negative attention or single out any specific group, this may provide circumstantial evidence for that group of people to pursue legal action for discrimination in the workplace. Another issue in training could consist of ethical issues; the trainer must conduct themselves with respect, tact, honesty, trust and leadership. The organizational values, ethical guidelines, policies, procedures and accountability should be addressed. By planning ahead, industrial and organizational psychologist can work with trainers to address the ethical issues within the training period. The health and welfare of the employees are important; injury to an employee during training can lead to lawsuit and worker’s disability compensation. The ailure of an organization to abide by laws that protect employees can lead to court and be liable to pay the employee up to $300,000. Evaluation of study â€Å"There is little difference between conducting an evaluation of study for a training program and conducting a research study to determine the effects of any intervention that is tried in an organization† (Specter, 2008). The training program is not considered completed unt il it has been evaluated. There are five stages in performing a training evaluation. The first step is to define the criteria for evaluation. There are several criteria to determine. One of the criteria is the training- level criteria and the other is the performance- level criteria. The training level is directed to what was learned and the performance level is directed with the levels of effectiveness. It is also possible to brake down criteria into four groups. The four smaller levels include reactions, behaviors, learning, and results and are sub levels to performance and training levels. Second a design of the study must be selected. The structure of the study is determined by how the data is collected. Third the measures used to assess need to be determines. Fourth the data needs to be collected. The third and fourth steps are two steps preformed at the same time. Collecting data can be without bias can be a difficult task and following the measuring criteria is vital for accurate results. The final step is analyzing the collected data to determine a conclusion. The conclusion will tell the effectiveness of the training program. An evaluation carried out properly will generate valuable information on the training program’s effectiveness. Conclusion When selecting and training employees there are various forms that can improve performance such as; training assessments, employee evaluations, and consulting. Once a foundation was completed more in depth surveys, personality interviews, questionnaires, skills tests would ensure that the job is filled with the most suitable person to perform the job. Industrial and organizational psychologist can assist the corporation to stay within the law while completing training which keeps both the employee and employer safe from bias, sexism, discrimination, and racism. Evaluating a training program can provide tremendous benefits when the data is properly analyzed. Industrial and organizational psychology will provide multiple benefits to a corporation on many levels from potential employees, training, internal employee promotion selection, and determining employee terminations. Reference: Cascio, W. F. (1995). Whither Industrial and Organizational Psychology in a Changing World Of Work? American Psychologist, 50(11), 928 Spector, P. E. (2008). Industrial and organizational psychology: Research and practice (5th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc.. (2011). Student Resources. Retrieved from http://www. siop. org/studentdefault. aspx